improv evaluation chapter, adding metrics

.gitignore

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 proposal.pdf
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+ l 478.633 60.095 l h
+f
+Q Q
+showpage
+%%Trailer
+count op_count sub {pop} repeat
+countdictstack dict_count sub {end} repeat
+cairo_eps_state restore
+%%EOF

25_Outline/outline.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+%% LaTeX2e class for student theses
+%% thesis.tex
+%% 
+%% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
+%% Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization
+%% Chair for Software Design and Quality (SDQ)
+%%
+%% Dr.-Ing. Erik Burger
+%% burger@kit.edu
+%%
+%% See https://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/wiki/Dokumentvorlagen
+%%
+%% {$HeadURL: https://svnserver.informatik.kit.edu/i43/svn/lehre/Abschlussarbeiten-Vorlage/thesis.tex $}
+%% {$LastChangedDate: 2018-08-02 14:19:06 +0200 (Do, 02 Aug 2018) $}
+%% {$LastChangedRevision: 5705 $}
+%% {$LastChangedBy: burger $}
+
+%% Available page modes: oneside, twoside
+%% Available modes: draft, final (see README)
+\documentclass[oneside, english, draft]{sdqthesis}
+
+
+%% ---------------------------------
+%% | Information about the thesis  |
+%% ---------------------------------
+
+%% Name of the author
+\author{Hannes F. Kuchelmeister}
+
+%% Title (and possibly subtitle) of the thesis
+\title{Decision Support for Group-Based Configuration using Recommender Systems}
+
+%% Type of the thesis 
+\thesistype{Bachelor's Thesis Outline}
+
+%% Change the institute here, ``IPD'' is default
+% \myinstitute{Institute for \dots}
+
+%% You can put a logo in the ``logos'' directory and include it here
+%% instead of the SDQ logo
+% \grouplogo{myfile}
+%\secondgrouplogo{iism_logo}
+%\companylogo{cas_software_logo}
+%\externallogo{fzi_logo}
+
+%% Alternatively, you can disable the group logo
+\nogrouplogo
+\nosecondgrouplogo
+\nocompanylogo
+\noexternallogo
+
+%% The reviewers are the professors that grade your thesis
+\reviewerone{Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Reussner}
+\reviewertwo{Prof. Dr. Christof Weinhardt}
+
+%% The advisors are PhDs or Postdocs
+\advisorone{Dr. rer. nat. Robert Heinrich}
+%% The second advisor can be omitted
+\advisortwo{M.A. Jonas Fegert}
+
+%% Please enter the start end end time of your thesis
+\usepackage{texdate}
+\initdate{2019}{12}{16}
+\editingtime{\printfdate{british}}{\advancebymonths{4}\printfdate{british}}
+
+\settitle
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Settings for word separation |
+%% --------------------------------
+
+%% Describe separation hints here.
+%% For more details, see 
+%% http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Text_Formatting#Hyphenation
+\hyphenation{
+% me-ta-mo-del
+}
+
+%% --------------------
+%% |  Float Barriers  |
+%% --------------------
+\usepackage{placeins}
+
+%% --------------------
+%% |  Table Packages  |
+%% --------------------
+\usepackage{tabularx}
+\usepackage{multirow}
+
+%% --------------------
+%% |  Maths Packages  |
+%% --------------------
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+
+%% --------------------
+%% | Plotting Packages |
+%% --------------------
+\usepackage{pgfplots}
+
+%% ---------------------
+%% | Generating Frames |
+%% ---------------------
+\usepackage[framemethod=TikZ]{mdframed}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | PDF Comments                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage[colorinlistoftodos, obeyDraft]{todonotes}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Gantt Charts                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage{pgfgantt}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Quotation                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage{csquotes}
+\MakeOuterQuote{"}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Bibliography                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+
+%% Use biber instead of BibTeX, see README
+\usepackage[citestyle=numeric,style=numeric,sorting=none,backend=biber]{biblatex}
+\addbibresource{outline.bib}
+
+%% ====================================
+%% ====================================
+%% ||                                ||
+%% || Beginning of the main document ||
+%% ||                                ||
+%% ====================================
+%% ====================================
+\begin{document}
+
+%% Set PDF metadata
+\setpdf
+
+%% Set the title
+\maketitle
+
+%% The Preamble begins here
+\frontmatter
+
+\setcounter{page}{1}
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+
+%% ------------------------
+%% |   Table of Contents  |
+%% ------------------------
+\tableofcontents
+
+\listoffigures
+\listoftables
+
+%% -----------------
+%% |   Main part   |
+%% -----------------
+
+\mainmatter
+
+\input{sections/00_introduction.tex}
+\input{sections/20_foundations.tex}
+\input{sections/30_related_work.tex}
+\input{sections/40_concept.tex}
+\input{sections/50_design_and_implementation.tex}
+\input{sections/60_evaluation.tex}
+\input{sections/70_further_work.tex}
+
+%% --------------------
+%% |   Bibliography   |
+%% --------------------
+
+%% Add entry to the table of contents for the bibliography
+\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
+
+%% ----------------
+%% |   Appendix   |
+%% ----------------
+\appendix
+%\input{sections/appendix.tex}
+
+\end{document}

25_Outline/sdqthesis.cls

@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+%% LaTeX2e class for student theses
+%% sdthesis.cls
+%%
+%% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
+%% Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization
+%% Chair for Software Design and Quality (SDQ)
+%%
+%% Dr.-Ing. Erik Burger
+%% burger@kit.edu
+%%
+%% Version 1.3.3, 2018-04-17
+%%
+%% SVN-Informationen:
+%% ------------------
+%% $LastChangedBy: burger $
+%% $LastChangedRevision: 5524 $
+%% $LastChangedDate: 2018-04-17 16:49:27 +0200 (Di, 17 Apr 2018) $
+%% $HeadURL: https://svnserver.informatik.kit.edu/i43/svn/lehre/Abschlussarbeiten-Vorlage/sdqthesis.cls $
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{sdqthesis}[2017/08/01 v1.3.2 Student thesis class]
+% Language options. German is also needed in English thesis for the abstract
+\DeclareOption{ngerman}{\PassOptionsToPackage{\CurrentOption}{babel}}
+\DeclareOption{english}{\PassOptionsToPackage{main=\CurrentOption,ngerman}{babel}}
+% Oneside and twoside layout
+\DeclareOption{oneside}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption,BCOR=10mm}{scrbook}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption,BCOR=20mm}{scrbook}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+% Used to detect language families
+\RequirePackage{translations}
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
+%% | Based on KOMAscript by Markus Kohm http://www.komascript.de |
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
+\LoadClass[12pt,a4paper,titlepage=true,DIV=15,headsepline]{scrbook}
+
+%% ---------------
+%% | Page Layout |
+%% ---------------
+\RequirePackage[headsepline,draft=false]{scrlayer-scrpage}
+\pagestyle{scrheadings}
+
+% For one-sided layout, put the page marks on the right margin
+\if@twoside%
+\else%
+\chead[]{}
+\ohead{\headmark}
+\cfoot[]{}
+\ofoot[\pagemark]{\pagemark}
+\fi%
+
+\clubpenalty=10000 %prevent orphans
+\widowpenalty=10000 %prevent widows
+
+%% --------------
+%% | Typography |
+%% --------------
+
+% T1 font encoding
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+% serif type: Linux Libertine
+\RequirePackage{libertine}
+% Linux Libertine in math mode
+\RequirePackage[libertine]{newtxmath}
+
+% grotesque type: Adobe Source Sans Pro
+\RequirePackage[scaled=.92]{sourcesanspro}
+
+% monospace type: Bera Mono
+\RequirePackage[scaled=.78]{beramono}
+
+% semi-bold type (for subsections and paragraphs)
+\newcommand*{\sbdefault}{sb}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\sbseries}{%
+  \not@math@alphabet\sbseries\relax
+  \fontseries\sbdefault\selectfont}
+
+\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textsb}{\sbseries}
+
+\addtokomafont{subsection}{\sbseries}
+\addtokomafont{subsubsection}{\sbseries}
+\addtokomafont{paragraph}{\sbseries}
+
+% microtype for nicer typography
+\RequirePackage[protrusion=true,expansion=true]{microtype}
+
+% commands for code and model keywords in text
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{\hyphenchar\font45\relax #1}}
+\newcommand{\model}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+
+% nicer spacing for enumerations
+\RequirePackage{enumitem}
+
+%% --------------
+%% | Title page |
+%% --------------
+
+% Logos
+\makeatletter
+
+\newcommand{\theexternallogo}{sdqlogo}
+\newcommand{\externallogo}[1]{\renewcommand{\theexternallogo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\printexternallogo}{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/\theexternallogo}}
+\newcommand{\noexternallogo}{\renewcommand{\printexternallogo}{}}
+
+\newcommand{\thecompanylogo}{sdqlogo}
+\newcommand{\companylogo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thecompanylogo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\printcompanylogo}{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/\thecompanylogo}}
+\newcommand{\nocompanylogo}{\renewcommand{\printcompanylogo}{}}
+
+\newcommand{\thesecondgrouplogo}{sdqlogo}
+\newcommand{\secondgrouplogo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thesecondgrouplogo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\printsecondgrouplogo}{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/\thesecondgrouplogo}}
+\newcommand{\nosecondgrouplogo}{\renewcommand{\printsecondgrouplogo}{}}
+
+\newcommand{\thegrouplogo}{sdqlogo}
+\newcommand{\grouplogo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thegrouplogo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\printgrouplogo}{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/\thegrouplogo}}
+\newcommand{\nogrouplogo}{\renewcommand{\printgrouplogo}{}}
+
+\titlehead{%
+% KIT logo german/english
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}
+{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/kitlogo_en_cmyk}}
+{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/kitlogo_de_cmyk}}
+\hfill
+% SDQ logo
+\printexternallogo
+\hspace{5mm}
+\printcompanylogo
+\hspace{5mm}
+\printsecondgrouplogo
+\hspace{5mm}
+\printgrouplogo
+\hspace{5mm}
+\ThisCenterWallPaper{1}{title-background.pdf}
+}
+
+%
+\setkomafont{title}{\huge\sffamily\bfseries}
+\setkomafont{subtitle}{\normalfont\large}
+
+\uppertitleback{Karlsruher Institut für Technologie\\ Fakultät für Informatik\\ Postfach 6980\\ 76128 Karlsruhe}
+
+%% variables for title page
+\newcommand{\theinstitute}{\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}
+    {Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD)}
+    {Institut für Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation (IPD)}}
+\newcommand{\thethesistype}{}
+\newcommand{\thereviewerone}{}
+\newcommand{\thereviewertwo}{}
+\newcommand{\theadvisorone}{}
+\newcommand{\theadvisortwo}{}
+\newcommand{\theeditstart}{}
+\newcommand{\theeditend}{}
+
+%% formatting commands for titlepage
+\newcommand{\thesistype}[1]{\subtitle{\vskip2em #1 \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{of}{von}}%
+\renewcommand{\thethesistype}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\myinstitute}[1]{\renewcommand{\theinstitute}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\reviewerone}[1]{\renewcommand{\thereviewerone}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\reviewertwo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thereviewertwo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\advisorone}[1]{\renewcommand{\theadvisorone}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\advisortwo}[1]{\renewcommand{\theadvisortwo}{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\editingtime}[2]{%
+\renewcommand{\theeditstart}{#1}%
+\renewcommand{\theeditend}{#2}%
+%% do not show the date
+\date{}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\settitle}{%
+\publishers{%
+\large
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{at the Department of Informatics}%
+{an der Fakultät für Informatik}\\
+\theinstitute\\[2em]
+\begin{tabular}{l l}
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Reviewer}{Erstgutachter}: & \thereviewerone\\
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Second reviewer}{Zweitgutachter}: & \thereviewertwo\\
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Advisor}{Betreuender Mitarbeiter}: &  \theadvisorone\\
+  % if there is no second advisor, do not output this line
+  \ifthenelse{\equal{\theadvisortwo}{}}{}{%
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Second advisor}{Zweiter betreuender Mitarbeiter}: & \theadvisortwo\\
+  }
+\end{tabular}
+\vskip2em
+\theeditstart{} -- \theeditend
+}
+}
+
+%% -----------------------------
+%% | Abstract/Acknowledgements |
+%% -----------------------------
+
+\newcommand{\abstract}[1][\abstractname]{\chapter*{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Abstract}[1][\abstractname]{\chapter*{#1}\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
+
+\def\ackname{Acknowledgments}
+\def\abstractname{Abstract}
+\def\switcht@deutsch{\svlanginfo
+	\def\ackname{Danksagung}
+	\def\abstractname{Kurzfassung}
+}
+\def\switcht@english{\svlanginfo
+	\def\ackname{Acknowledgements}
+	\def\abstractname{Abstract}
+}
+
+%% In English theses, an additional German Abstract is needed.
+\newcommand{\includeabstract}{
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{
+% include English and German abstracts
+\input{sections/abstract_en.tex}
+\begin{otherlanguage}{ngerman}
+\input{sections/abstract_de.tex}
+\end{otherlanguage}
+}{
+% include only German abstract
+\include{sections/abstract_de}
+}
+}
+
+%% ------------
+%% | Packages |
+%% ------------
+
+% draft mode
+\RequirePackage{ifdraft}
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+
+% enumerate subsubsections
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+% wallpaper for title page (KIT-Frame)
+\RequirePackage{wallpaper}
+
+% subimport of files
+\RequirePackage{import}
+
+% languages
+\RequirePackage{babel}
+
+% hyphenation for compound words
+\RequirePackage[shortcuts]{extdash}
+
+% nice tables
+\RequirePackage{booktabs}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+
+% show graphics in draft mode
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\setkeys{Gin}{draft=false}
+
+% appendix
+\RequirePackage[toc,title,header]{appendix}
+\noappendicestocpagenum
+
+% PDF specific packages
+\RequirePackage[hyphens]{url}
+\RequirePackage[breaklinks,colorlinks=false]{hyperref}
+\newcommand\setpdf{\hypersetup{%
+    pdftitle={\thethesistype},%
+    pdfsubject={\@title},%
+    pdfauthor={\@author},%
+    pdfborder={0 0 0},%
+    }%
+    \let\theauthor\@author
+}

25_Outline/sections/00_introduction.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+\chapter{Introduction}
+\label{ch:Introduction}
+
+\section{Problem}
+\label{sec:Introduction:Problem}
+
+A group of people with different personal preferences wants to find a solution to a problem with high variability. Making decisions in the group comes with problems as a lack of communication leads to worse decision outcomes \cite{atasItemRecommendationUsing2017}. Group dynamics and biases can lead to suboptimal decisions \cite{kerrBiasJudgmentComparing1996}. Generally group decisions are complex and often the process that yields the decision result is unstructured, thereby not providing any reproducibility of the success. Groups have different power structures and usually individuals have different interests. Moreover finding solutions is a rather complex task and group decisions can suffer intransparency.
+
+Examples of group recommendation decisions are:
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item A companies truck fleet (e.g. driver, purchasing-manager, marketing manager)
+    \item A companies customer management software system (e.g. salesperson, human resource manager, accounting manager)
+    \item A public project to get a new area at a zoo (e.g. visitor, director, animal keeper)
+    \item Managing a forest (e.g. owner, environmental protection agency, consumer representative)
+    \item An existing company building and how it should be furnished (e.g. landlord, employee representative, CEO)
+\end{itemize}
+
+These examples are different from an ordinary group decision in the sense that the components the solution is build from are standardised but a solution is highly individual because of high variability. The solution space therefore is rather large.
+
+\section{Idea}
+\label{sec:Introduction:Idea}
+
+To support groups in their decision making product configuration can be used. It allows to accurately map constraints and dependencies in complex problems and to map the solution space. Using a group recommender a group is supported in their configuration decisions. The goal is to show that these approaches can help a group with the configuration task presented by the usage of a configurator and to better process individual preferences than a human can.
+
+
+There does not exists much research on recommendation for group configuration, however it is comprised of two different areas of research, recommenders for groups and recommenders for configuration.
+The existing literature on recommenders for groups is extensive with many different approaches and domains \cite{delicResearchMethodsGroup2016, chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011, atasItemRecommendationUsing2017, jamesonRecommendationGroups2007, chenEmpatheticonsDesigningEmotion2014, liuCGSPAComprehensiveGroup2019}. \citeauthor{felfernigGroupRecommenderSystems2018} give an overview about basic approaches \cite{felfernigGroupRecommenderSystems2018}.
+In the area of product configuration research about recommender systems is undertaken as well \cite{pereiraFeatureBasedPersonalizedRecommender2016, scholzConfigurationbasedRecommenderSystem2017, scholzEffectsDecisionSpace2017}.
+Group configuration is a more specialized sub field of configuration therefore less attention has been directed towards it and because of that there has not been much research on recommenders that are for group recommendation in a configuration setting.
+
+\section{Benefits}
+\label{sec:Introduction:Benefits}
+
+The benefits of this approach are, that the need for a group to communicate directly is reduced. Each user gives their own preferences and the group will get a recommendation based on that. This allows to reduce problems arising in groups decisions like lack of communication and bias in groups. Additionally this shows the viability of combining group recommendations and configuration approaches.
+
+\section{Action}
+\label{sec:Introduction:Action}
+
+As resulting action in this thesis a prototype will be designed, implemented and evaluated that achieves the following objectives.
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item A system should give recommendation for the group using a scoring function that takes into account preferences of group members and the current state of the situation.
+    \item Recommendations should allow different scoring functions.
+    \item Recommendations should always be valid options.
+    \item The system should consider all preferences of individuals in a group and find a solution that most people of the group are happy with.
+\end{itemize}
+The results are communicated through this thesis. Thereby adhering to the research method of design science research \cite{peffersDesignScienceResearch2007}.

25_Outline/sections/20_foundations.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+\chapter{Foundations}
+\label{ch:Foundations}
+
+\section{Product Configuration}
+\label{sec:Foundations:ProductConfiguration}
+
+Product configuration is a process consisting of a series of decision tasks whereby a product is constructed of components which interact with each other. During a configuration process no new components are created. Their interplay and specification is defined beforehand \cite[~ pp. 42, 43]{sabinProductConfigurationFrameworksa1998}. This section defines product configuration analogous to \citeauthor{felfernigOpenConfiguration2014} \cite{felfernigOpenConfiguration2014}.
+
+Formally a configuration problem can be specified as a \emph{constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)} \cite{tsangFoundationsConstraintSatisfaction1993} as 
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:ConstraintSatisfactionProblem}
+    CSP(V,\mathfrak{D},C),
+\end{equation}
+where we have a set of \emph{variables} $V$ (which in this thesis will also be referred to as \emph{features}) with
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:Variables}
+    V = \{v_1, \dotsc, v_m\},
+\end{equation}
+a \emph{domain mapping} $\mathfrak{D}$ that maps variable to their corresponding domain values $D$ (which in this thesis will be also referred to as \emph{characteristics}) i.e. the values that can be assigned to each variable
+\begin{equation}\label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:DomainMapping}
+    \mathfrak{D} : V \to D; x \mapsto \mathfrak{D}(x) \qquad where \ D = \{d_1, \dotsc, d_o\},
+\end{equation}
+and \emph{constraints} $C$ that limit the solution space with 
+\begin{equation}\label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:Constraints}
+    C = \{c_1, \cdots, c_k\}.
+\end{equation}
+
+\subsection{Configuration State}
+
+We will define a \emph{configuration} $S$ as a tuple of variables (\autoref{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:Variables}) and their corresponding domain value with
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:ConfigurationState}
+    S = \{ (v_i,\ d) \ |\ v_i \in V \ \land \ d \in \mathfrak{D}(i),\ i=1,\dotsc,m \}.
+\end{equation}
+Essentially it is a set of variables and assigned values.
+
+\subsection{Finished Configuration}
+To define a \emph{finished configuration} we first need to define what a valid configuration is. Therefore we define $is\_valid$ as
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:IsValid}
+    is\_valid : S \to \{true, false\}; x \mapsto 
+    \begin{cases}
+        true, & S \in solution\_space \\
+        false, & \text{otherwise}
+    \end{cases},
+\end{equation}
+with $solution\_space$ being the solution space of the corresponding constraint satisfaction problem. A \emph{finished configuration} $S_F$ is a configuration that contains all variables and is a valid configuration:
+\begin{equation} \label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:FinishedConfiguration}
+    S_F \subset S,\ where \ \forall v_i \in V (\exists (v_i, d) \in S_F : d \in \mathfrak{D}(i)) \land is\_valid(S_F).
+\end{equation}
+In practice a finished configuration of a product (or solution) is something that is ready to be produced. For example if we are configuring a car, this means that the car could be produced in the specified way that is given by the finished configuration.
+
+
+\section{Group-Based Product Configuration}
+\label{sec:Foundations:GroupBasedProductConfiguration}
+
+Instead of a single person configuring a product, a group of people is configuring one product which can be useful in multi-stakeholder decisions. This setting needs mechanisms for describing the preferences of multiple people. Therefore we will add to our definitions, a set of users $U$ with
+\begin{equation}\label{eq:Foundations:ProductConfiguration:Users}
+    U = \{1, \dotsc, n\},
+\end{equation}
+a users \emph{utility function} that maps a domain value to a utility value and is only known to the user
+\begin{equation}
+    \begin{split}
+        u_i(d_j), \qquad \text{where}\ & d_j \in  \mathfrak{D}(j),\\
+        & 1 <= j <= m, \\
+        & 1 <= i <= n .
+    \end{split}
+\end{equation}
+\citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}'s approach, which this thesis extends, is to treat the group configuration the same as one shared configuration and to sync the selection of attributes across clients \cite{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}. 
+
+\section{Recommender System}
+\label{sec:Foundations:RecommenderSystem}
+
+A recommender system is a system that gives individualized recommendations to users to guide them through a large space of objects \cite[~ p. 331]{burkeHybridRecommenderSystems2002}.
+
+There are several approaches to recommender systems presented in \cite{felfernigGroupRecommenderSystems2018}, these are: collaborative filtering, \todo[inline]{critiquing-based recommendation,} constraint-based recommendation, content-based filtering and hybrid recommendation.
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & The Matrix & Titanic & Die Hard & Forest Gump & Wall-E \\ \hline
+         John  & 5 & 1 &   & 2 & 2 \\
+         Lucy  & 1 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 5 \\
+         Eric  & 2 & ? & 3 & 5 & 4 \\
+         Diane & 4 & 3 & 5 & 3 &   \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{An example showing users ratings for movies by \citeauthor{ningComprehensiveSurveyNeighborhoodBased2015} \cite{ningComprehensiveSurveyNeighborhoodBased2015}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Collaborative Filtering}
+In collaborative filtering a users rating for unknown items is predicted by finding similar users who have rated it. Their rating is used as prediction
+\cite[~ pp. 7, 8]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Collaborative Filtering can not only be done using users, it can also be item-based. Hereby the similarity between items is used for a recommendation and not similar users \cite{ricciRecommenderSystemsHandbook2015}. In the context of configuration the similarity to other historic configurations can be used which makes it an item based approach. 
+
+\autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} shows an example rating matrix. A simple user-based way to calculate a rating would be to use a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm and then take the average of those ratings. Using this method with $k := 2$ and euclidean distance our closest neighbours are \textit{Lucy} and \textit{Diane} therefore giving us a predicted rating of $4$.  If we use an item based approach instead, we will try to find similar items based on the users rating. An example of similar items here would be \textit{Forest Gump} and \textit{Wall-E} as John and Lucy each have given them the sane rating and Eric's rating is off by one. Using again kNN with $k := 2$ we find that \textit{Forest Gump} and \textit{Wall-E} are the most similar to \textit{Titanic} thereby having a predicted rating of $4.5$.
+However this simple similarity and prediction function does not take into account different distances. For example Lucy's ratings are more similar compared to Eric's than Diane's but Diane's and Lucy's rating is valued the same amount.
+
+\todo[inline]{
+Critiquing-Based Recommendation %\subsection{Critiquing-Based Recommendation}
+Items are recommended and a user can then critique on attributes of the recommendation. Based on that a similar item which does not have those critiques can be recommended. User preferences are implicitly collected this way \cite{knijnenburgEachHisOwn2011}.
+
+With a critique based approach Eric sees a suggestion of watching \textit{The Island} and its attributes. He then can say that he finds this movie has too much action. The critique based recommender will now present a movie that has similar attributes as \textit{The Island} but with less action. For example \textit{Titanic} could be the next suggestion.
+}
+
+\subsection{Constraint-Based Recommendation}
+Hereby filter rules are defined which filter out items that don't fulfil specified rules. A user models their requirements with these rules and thereby gets a list of recommended items. This approach requires deep knowledge about a product because it needs a detailed description of features  \cite[~ p. 12]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Our movie example (see \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}) requires additional information for example about plot structure, pacing, length and other attributes of the movie. Now the user could enter filtering criteria, e.g. that the movie should be no longer than 120 minutes, be categorized as action or thriller and have a fast pacing. The system will only recommend movies that fit into these categories.
+
+\subsection{Content-Based Filtering}
+For the content-based filtering approach, items and users are assigned to categories. Based on consumption and rating of items a user will have implicit ratings for categories. Predictions are now made based on a categories of the new item \cite[~ pp. 10, 11]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Using our example from \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} and using an additional category matrix (see \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}) we can derive a rating matrix per category (using the average rating of the user of each movie contained in this category). The result can be seen in \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringProfiles}. To predict Eric's rating of Titanic we now can use the categories of \textit{Titanic} and average out Eric's implicit rating per category. Titanic is only in the category romance and as Eric's rating of \textit{Forest Gump} is $5$ the prediction is a rating of $5$. Categories don't have to be the genre, they could be any kind of data about a movie.
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & The Matrix & Titanic & Die Hard & Forest Gump & Wall-E \\ \hline
+         Action  & x &  & x  &  &  \\
+         Sci-Fi  & x &  &  &  &  \\
+         Thriller  &  & & x &  &  \\
+         Romance & & x & & x & \\
+         Family & & & & x & x \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{Showing example categories for movies in \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & Action & Sci-Fi & Thriller & Romance & Family \\ \hline
+        John  & 5 & 5 & & 1.5 & 2 \\
+        Lucy  & 1.5 & 1 & 2 & 5 & 5 \\
+        Eric  & 2.5 & 2 & 3 & 5 & 4.5 \\
+        Diane & 4.5 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3  \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{User profiles generated from categories and rating from \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} and \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringProfiles}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsubsection{Advantages over Collaborative Filtering}
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item No cold start problem for items
+    \item No grey sheep problem as not dependent on similar groups having existed before.
+    \item Domain knowledge is existent
+    \item No issues with data sparsity as item description is given by product structure
+    \item No reliance on preferences that would result in a comparison space that is too large
+    \item No dependence of historic group preference accuracy 
+\end{itemize}
+
+\todo[inline]{
+    Advantages over Critique-Based Recommendation %\subsubsection{Advantages over Critique-Based Recommendation
+}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Advantages over Constrained-Based Recommendation}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Configuration state does not cause absence of recommendations
+    \item Expendable to also support constraints 
+    \item No need to handle inconsistencies explicitly
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\begin{table}
+    \begin{center}
+        \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{X|X|X}
+            & advantages & disadvantages \\
+            \hline
+            Collaborative Filtering 
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item Serendipity of results 
+                    \item Automatic learning of market segments
+                    \item No domain knowledge required
+                \end{itemize}
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item Cold start problem for users and items
+                    \item Grey sheep problem
+                    \item Quality based on rating quality
+                    \item Data sparsity
+                    \item Privacy not guaranteed
+                \end{itemize} \\
+            \hline
+            Content-Based Filtering 
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item No community required 
+                    \item User independent
+                    \item Transparent
+                    \item No item cold start
+                    \item Simplicity
+                    \item Robust
+                    \item Stable to constant influx of new users
+                \end{itemize}
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item Overspecialisation
+                    \item No serendipity
+                    \item User cold start problem
+                    \item Requires domain knowledge
+                \end{itemize} \\
+            \hline
+            \todo[inline]{Critique-Based Recommendation } &  \todo[inline]{ todo: positives } &  \todo[inline]{ todo: negatives } \\
+            Constraint-Based Recommendation 
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item Transparent
+                    \item Good for non discrete values
+                \end{itemize}
+            &   \begin{itemize}
+                    \item Inconsistent constraints
+                    \item No results
+                \end{itemize} \\ 
+        \end{tabularx}
+        \caption{A description of the advantages and disadvantages of common recommendation techniques \cite{richthammerSituationAwarenessRecommender2018, shokeenStudyFeaturesSocial2019,hahslerRecommenderlabFrameworkDeveloping2015, aminiDiscoveringImpactKnowledge2011, suSurveyCollaborativeFiltering2009}}
+        \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderComparison}
+    \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Hybrid Recommendation}
+A hybrid recommender combines different recommendation approaches to use the strengths of each individual one and to reduce effects of weaknesses \cite{burkeHybridRecommenderSystems2002}.
+
+\section{Group Recommender System}
+\label{sec:Foundations:GroupRecommenderSystem}
+
+A group recommender system is a recommender system aimed at making recommendations for a group instead of a single user. To make recommendations group members preferences have to be aggregated. This can be done by either aggregating single user recommendations or by merging preferences of each user into a group preference model. Based on the resulting preference model recommendation strategies as described in \autoref{sec:Foundations:RecommenderSystem} can be used to generate recommendations \cite{jamesonRecommendationGroups2007}.
+
+For a group recommender system additional definitions are needed. The attitude of a user is represented by their preferences $P$ which is directly related to the utility a user has from a domain value being present in the configuration. Let 
+\begin{gather} \label{tab:Foundations:GroupRecommenderSystem:Preferences}
+    P = \{ P_1, \dotsc, P_n\},\ \text{where} \\
+    P_i = \{(d,\ u_i(d)) \ | \ \forall d \in \mathfrak{D}(i),\ i=1,\dotsc,m \} \notag
+\end{gather}
+
+\todo[inline]{example of a group recommender}
+\todo[inline]{go more into detail about preference aggregation}
+
+
+\FloatBarrier
+
+

25_Outline/sections/30_related_work.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+\chapter{Related Work}
+\label{ch:Related_Work}
+
+\section{Group Recommender Systems}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:GroupRecommender}
+
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{choudharyMulticriteriaGroupRecommender2020}] propose a multi-criteria group recommender system \cite{choudharyMulticriteriaGroupRecommender2020}. An analytical hierarchy process is used to learn priorities for film features like story, action, direction and to then make a number of best recommendations for a group of users. Their approach works well for film selection and they observe that it is easier to make recommendations for homogenous groups than for random groups. Also small groups receive better recommendations compared to large ones.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}] looks at interface and interaction designs that supports the overall group and does not only consider each user individually. Chen designs a music recommendation system \emph{GroupFun} with a focus on groups that tries to enhance mutual awareness and transparency. \citeauthor{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}'s assessment is that this work is still in a preliminary stage\cite{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}. Further work in that area was conducted by \citeauthor{chenEmpatheticonsDesigningEmotion2014} looking at emotional awareness in groups and how that can be visualised in a user interface \cite{chenEmpatheticonsDesigningEmotion2014}. 
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Group-Based Configuration}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:GroupBasedConfiguration}
+
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}] builds a collaborative configurator based on the CAS Merlin Configurator. Here groups of people are able to simultaneously configure a product \cite{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}. If there are any conflicts, a conflict resolution process is started. However the prototype only allows a majority voting approach and does not provide any further group decision support. Also this process only starts upon the selection of an invalid state that gives alternatives.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}] introduce basic definitions of group based configuration task, show what conflicts can occur, how to deal with inconsistencies in preferences among group members and how to integrate different decision heuristics into this process \cite{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{velasquez-guevaraMultiSPLOTSupportingMultiuser2018}] implement a web based simultaneous group-based configuration system that uses constraint programming \cite{velasquez-guevaraMultiSPLOTSupportingMultiuser2018}. Hereby each user configures according to their own preferences and the system proposes a configuration according to different strategies. These strategies are maximization of selections (which means finding the solution with the largest number of features selected), minimizing conflicting selections (which means to minimize the inclusion of features that have conflicts) and to prioritize decisions from some users.
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Recommender Systems for Configuration}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:RecommenderSystemsForConfiguration}
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{rubinshteynEntwicklungHybridenRecommender2018}] looks at different approaches to recommendation and implements a prototype with CAS Merlin Configurator which uses a hybrid recommender system \cite{rubinshteynEntwicklungHybridenRecommender2018}. His prototype combines constraint-based filtering with collaborative filtering and achieves better results in terms of precision than non-hybrid systems using collaborative filtering and constraint-based recommendation. In terms of recall his hybrid does not surpass the high numbers of constraint-based recommendation but improves upon collaborative-filtering. 
+
+    \item [\citeauthor{benzMoeglichkeitenIntelligenterEmpfehlungssysteme2017}] uses a constraint based recommender that uses fuzzy logic to relax constraints and thereby reducing the amount of times where the recommender is unable to make recommendations \cite{benzMoeglichkeitenIntelligenterEmpfehlungssysteme2017}. With his approach a product manager has direct influence on the recommendations. Rules for recommendations hereby are not automatically learned but only manually created and relate to predefined user interest categories.
+
+    \item [\citeauthor{ullmannEntwurfUndUmsetzung2017}] implements a recommendation engine that is able to estimate customer budgets, a k-nearest neighbour classifier for finding a base configuration and non-negative matrix factorization combined with nearest neighbour to find configurations for specific users \cite{ullmannEntwurfUndUmsetzung2017}. \par
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017}] combines collaborative filtering and click-stream analysis \cite{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017}. For collaborative filtering he implements three filtering algorithms: k-nearest neighbour, weighted majority voting and non-negative matrix factorization. Collaborative filtering is used to find configurations that are similar to the current configuration. Click-stream analysis is done by using n-grams and the Smith-Waterman algorithm. \citeauthor{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017} also tries to use click-stream data in combination with Markov chains to give recommendations on how configuration options should be ordered in a configuration form but click-streams do not yield any improvements in terms of accuracy and recall.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{falknerRecommendationTechnologiesConfigurable2011}] provide an overview of recommendation approaches for configuration to improve usability of configuration systems \cite{falknerRecommendationTechnologiesConfigurable2011}. They look at feature recommender to recommend which features in a configuration would be useful to have and at value recommender for these features. Additionally they discuss approaches for ranking and recommending explanations for inconsistencies between customers requirements and product rules however they do not provide any recommendations and point towards further needed research.
+\end{description}
+

25_Outline/sections/40_concept.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+\chapter{Concept}
+\label{ch:Concept}
+
+\section{User Interaction with the System}
+\label{sec:Concept:UserSystemInteraction}
+
+The system has one main way to be used as defined in \autoref{tab:Concept:MainUseCase}. This process is also visualized in \autoref{fig:Concept:ConfigurationProcess}.
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{./figures/bpmn_configuration_process_with_continious_recommendation.pdf}
+    \caption{A BPMN diagram of the configuration process.}
+    \label{fig:Concept:ConfigurationProcess}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{table}
+    \begin{center}
+        \begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{l|X}
+            \multicolumn{2}{c}{Main System Usage} \\
+            \hline
+            Preconditions   & 
+                \begin{itemize}
+                    \item The configurator is opened with the same session on each of the group member's machines
+                    \item The configuration is in an unfinished state (this state is a consensus state)
+                \end{itemize} \\
+            \hline
+            Postcondition   & 
+                \begin{itemize}
+                    \item All users have entered their preferences for each attribute explicitly.
+                    \item The system gives a recommendation based on all preferences and the unfinished configuration state
+                \end{itemize} \\
+            \hline
+            Basic Flow      & 
+                \begin{enumerate}
+                    \item A user indicates a preference for an attribute
+                    \item The system generates a recommendation (based on preferences and configuration status)
+                    \item If not all users have given their preferences go to step 1.
+                \end{enumerate} \\
+            \hline
+        \end{tabularx}
+        \caption{A description of the main way users will interact with the system}
+        \label{tab:Concept:MainUseCase}
+    \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\section{Case Study}
+\label{sec:Concept:CaseStudy}
+
+The case study used in this thesis is a simplified version from forestry.
+The used characteristics and attributes are shown in \autoref{fig:Concept:ForestExample}. Additionally as example are given preferences, a configuration state and a finished configuration.
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \begin{mdframed}[frametitle={Example for Forest Use Case}]
+        In this example we have a small group of users. The use case is a piece of forest and variables are for example harvesting activity, which trees to grow and accessibility for people.
+        \begin{align}
+            \begin{split}
+                V = \{ & \textit{Heimisch}, \textit{Klimaresilient}, \textit{Verwertbar}, \textit{Ernteaufwand}, \\
+                & \textit{Menge}, \textit{Preis}, \textit{Walderfahrung} \},
+            \end{split} \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Heimisch}) =  \{ & \text{Gering}, \text{Mittel}, \text{Hoch}\}, \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Klimaresilient}) = \{ & \text{Gering}, \text{Mittel}, \text{Hoch}\}, \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Verwertbar}) = \{ & \text{Gering}, \text{Mittel}, \text{Hoch}\}, \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Ernteaufwand}) = \{ & \text{Motormanuel}, \text{Harvester}, \text{Vollautomatisch}\}, \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Menge}) = \{ & \text{Keine}, \text{Gering}, \text{Hoch}\}, \notag \\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Preis}) = \{ & \text{Gering}, \text{Mittel}, \text{Hoch}\}, \notag\\
+            \mathfrak{D}(\textit{Walderfahrung}) = \{ & \text{Gering}, \text{Mittel}, \text{Intensiv}\},\notag \\
+            U = \{ & 1,2\} \notag\\
+            P = \{ & P_1, P_2\} \notag\\
+            \begin{split}
+                P_1 = \{ & (\text{Motormanuel}, 0.5), (\text{Harvester}, -0.3) \} \\ 
+                & \cup \{ (d,0)\ |\ d \in \mathfrak{D}(i),\ i \in V,\ i \notin \{ \text{Motormanuel}, \text{Harvester}\} \ \} \ 
+            \end{split} \notag \\
+            P_2 = \{ & (d,0)\ |\ d \in \mathfrak{D}(i),\ i \in V \} \notag \\
+            S  =  \{ & (\textit{Heimisch}, \text{Gering}), (\textit{Menge}, \text{Gering}) \} \notag \\
+            \begin{split}
+            S_F  =  \{ & (\textit{Heimisch}, \text{Gering}), (\textit{Klimaresilient}, \text{Gering}), (\textit{Verwertbar}, \text{Gering}), \\
+            & (\textit{Ernteaufwand}, \text{Motormanuel}),
+            (\textit{Menge}, \text{Keine}), (\textit{Preis}, \text{Hoch}),\\ 
+            & (\textit{Walderfahrung}, \text{Gering}) \} 
+            \end{split} \notag
+        \end{align}
+    \end{mdframed}
+    \caption{An example of a forest use case that includes two people.}
+    \label{fig:Concept:ForestExample}
+    \end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Solution Generation}
+\label{sec:Concept:SolutionGeneration}
+
+Given an unfinished configuration and preferences of all group members, rate a finished configuration on how well it reflects the configuration state and preferences. This Use this to choose the best finished configuration out of a list to recommend.
+
+\subsection{Generating a Recommendation}
+
+Hereby the idea is there is a database of complete configurations (possibly historic from other groups or automatically generated or both).
+Now the recommendation procedure looks as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item Assign a score to each stored configuration according to $$score_{group}(\overline{configurationState},\ \overline{preferences}, \ configurationInStore)$$
+    \item Optional: Filter out configurations that have a score below a certain value using a different scoring function. For example filter out configurations that cause a certain level of misery.
+    \item Chose the configuration with the highest score as recommendation.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\todo[inline]{move definitions that are made by me to here}
+
+
+
+\begin{samepage}
+\subsection{Scoring Function}
+\label{subsec:Concept:SolutionGeneration:ScoringFunction}
+\emph{Group configuration scoring function} includes preferences and current configuration state. This function gives a score for a finished configuration (while using the current configuration state and all user preferences):
+\begin{equation}
+    score_{group}: S \times P \times S_F \to \mathbb{R}
+\end{equation}
+
+An example group configuration scoring function is $score_{group}$ with
+
+\begin{equation}
+    \notag \alpha \in \mathbb{R}, \qquad     changed(d,\overline{s}, s) = 
+    \begin{cases}
+      1, & d \in \overline{s} \land d \notin s \\
+      0, & \text{otherwise}
+    \end{cases}
+\end{equation}
+
+\begin{equation}
+    \begin{split}
+        score_{group}(\overline{s},\ \overline{p},\ s)
+        & = score(\overline{p},\ s) - penalty(\overline{s},\ s) \\
+        & = score(\overline{p},\ s) - \sum_{d \in \overline{s}} changed(d,\overline{s}, s) \cdot \alpha
+    \end{split}
+\end{equation}
+
+This thesis will use multiple scoring functions. Among those are ones for least misery, average and multiplicative. Average and multiplicative yield good results among the studies presented by \citeauthor{Masthoff2015}. Strategies can also be combined, one example here is average without misery \cite{Masthoff2015}.
+\end{samepage}
+
+\subsubsection{Preference Scoring}
+
+All of the aggregation functions mentioned in \autoref{subsec:Concept:SolutionGeneration:ScoringFunction} use one preference per user per product. Therefore to use them in as is a score for the whole configuration per user has to be calculated. We propose to use the difference from the selected feature compared to the average rating of all characteristics. This approach includes all preferences of a user meaning a preference is also seen relative to others.
+
+As an example we could have feature
+\begin{equation}
+    F = \text{ClimateResilientTrees},
+\end{equation} with characteristics
+\begin{equation}
+    \mathfrak{D}(F)= \{\text{low}, \text{medium}, \text{high}\},
+\end{equation}
+preferences
+\begin{equation}
+    P_1 = \{(\text{low}, 0), (\text{medium},0.6), (\text{high},0.9) \}
+\end{equation} 
+and the configuration we want to rate
+\begin{equation}
+    S_F = \{(\text{ClimateResilientTrees}, \text{high})\}.
+\end{equation}
+The average rating for the feature is $F = 0.5$. Therefore the score given by a user $1$ is $0.9-0.5 = 0.4$.
+A second user with preferences 
+\begin{equation}
+    P_2 = \{(\text{low}, 0), (\text{medium},0), (\text{high},0.9) \}
+\end{equation} 
+on the other hand results in a feature score of $0.9-0.3=0.6$. For this user characteristic \emph{high} is of higher importance.
+
+As we would like to keep our scores as percentages and not in the interval $[-1,1]$ a normalisation is applied by adding one and dividing by two. Therefore our respective scores are $0.7$ for user one and $0.95$ for user two. A configuration usually consists of more than one feature therefore we take the average rating over all features to get the score one user gives to a configuration. Based on that score the in \autoref{subsec:Concept:SolutionGeneration:ScoringFunction} mentioned aggregation functions can be used.
+
+\subsubsection{Cofiguration Change Penalty}
+
+In this thesis a penalty function is proposed which gives the percentage of characteristics that exist in the configuration that is to be rated. This value can be tuned to be more or less strict by potentiating. Thereby allowing more deviation or less deviation from the current configuration state. The penalty function is defined as
+\begin{equation}
+    penalty_{proportion}(\overline{s},\ s) =  \left(\frac{\sum_{d \in \overline{s}} changed(d,\overline{s}, s)}{|\overline{s}|}\right)^\alpha.
+\end{equation}
+
+By including the current configuration into scoring the scoring function can take into account, changes that have been already implemented and therefore might be very costly to change.
+    

25_Outline/sections/50_design_and_implementation.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+\chapter{Design and Implementation}
+\label{ch:DesignImplementation}
+
+
+\section{CAS Configurator Merlin}
+\label{sec:DesignImplementation:ConfiguratorMerlin}
+
+\autoref{fig:DesignImplementation:ConfiguratorMerlin} shows the architecture of CAS Configurator Merlin.
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Core] provides the base of the configurator. It checks the configuration against all rules in the database, provides possible alternatives if a change invalidates other parts of a configuration. The system relies on a CSP solver for validation and suggestion of alternatives.
+    \item[M.Model] is the editor to create products and rules. These rules can then be uploaded to M.Core.
+    \item[M.Customer] is the customer facing component. It allows a customer to configure a product.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/MerlinConfigurator.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Configurator Merlin \cite[Fig. 4.1]{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}}
+    \label{fig:DesignImplementation:ConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{CAS Group-Configurator}
+\label{sec:DesignImplementation:GroupConfigurator}
+
+\citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}'s extends CAS Merlin Configurator in his thesis to allow simultaneous configuration. The extended architecture is shown in \autoref{fig:DesignImplementation:CollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}.
+He only makes changes to M.Customer which is renamed to M.Collab-Customer and introduces a new component M.Collab.
+
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Collab] is a node.js server application that communicates with M.Core via REST-API and with M.Collab-Customer via WebSocket. It sits in between M.Collab-Customer and M.Core and handles all processing regarding collaborative configuration.
+    \item[M.Collab-Customer] a modified version of M.Customer that does all communication via WebSocket and does communicate with M.Collab instead of M.Core.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/MerlinCollaborativeConfigurator.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Collaborative Configurator Merlin \cite[Fig. 4.3]{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}}
+    \label{fig:DesignImplementation:CollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Extended Configurator}
+\label{sec:DesignImplementation:ExtendedConfigurator}
+
+Extending \citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019} work a module called M.Recommender is added. Its aim is to provide a recommendation server that holds all the data needed for recommendations. M.Collab and M.Collab-Customer have to be modified to allow taking in preferences and to show  recommendations. The recommender engine is set up to be in a separate system which allows the easier replacement and the usage of different technologies. The extended architecture is shown in \autoref{fig:DesignImplementation:RecommenderForCollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}.
+
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Recommender] is a new system that will get queried from M.Collab for recommendations, when the configuration changes. M.Recommender will return recommendations which then can be presented to users by M.Collab-Customer.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/MerlinCollabRecommender.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Collaborative Configurator Merlin with an added recommender system.}
+    \label{fig:DesignImplementation:RecommenderForCollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}

25_Outline/sections/60_evaluation.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+\chapter{Evaluation}
+\label{ch:Evaluation}
+
+In this chapter the prototype is evaluated in terms of its functionality and its properties.
+
+We will generate all possible valid configurations for one use case i.e. generate all possible valid configurations for the forest use case.
+
+Generate groups with preferences (explicit preferences) and configuration state (which would be for example the currently existing forest).
+
+\section{Group Types During Evaluation}
+\label{sec:Evaluation:GroupTypes}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Groups shall be generated with random preferences
+    \item With grouped preferences: people adhere more or less to one profile (Forest Owner, Athlete, Consumer, Environmentalist)
+    \item Group of only one profile type: rather homogenous group
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Metrics}
+For the evaluation metrics to evaluate by are needed. 
+
+\label{sec:Evaluation:Metrics}
+
+\subsection{Random Individual}
+When comparing a group to individual scores, a member of the group is randomly chosen. As metric of difference used metrics are MSE, RMSE and similar metrics.
+% see: https://medium.com/@george.drakos62/how-to-select-the-right-evaluation-metric-for-machine-learning-models-part-1-regrression-metrics-3606e25beae0 or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_metric
+
+\subsection{Satisfaction}
+As a metric on overall satisfaction within the group we propose a threshold metric that defines a user as satisfied if his score is above a threshold of 60\% and as unsatisfied with a score of less than 40\%. Now we can measure group satisfaction by amount of members being satisfied, neutral and unsatisfied.
+
+\subsection{Group Score}
+The group score metric is to simply take the score the recommender has given to a group. This score can be compared with other configurations' score.
+
+
+\section{Questions to Answer During the Evaluation}
+\label{sec:Evaluation:Questions}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item Main Question: How does the group decision differ from the decision of a single decision maker? (random individual)
+    \item How much impact does the configuration state have on the recommendation outcome? (random individual, satisfaction)
+    \item How many group members are satisfied by the group decision on average? (satisfaction)
+    \item Is the recommender fair, i.e. no user type is always worse off than others? (satisfaction)
+    \item How does the amount of stored finished configurations relate to recommendation quality? (Compare the recommended configuration to the best possible configuration in terms of score using MSE and similar and in terms of satisfaction and random individual) 
+    \item How much higher is the score of the best configuration compared to average? (group score, satisfaction, random individual)
+\end{itemize}
+
+\section{Generating Data}
+\label{sec:Evaluation:GeneratingGroups}
+
+For the forest use case, the idea is that there are multiple types of user profiles. Each group profile is represented by a neutral, negative or positive attitude to an attribute value. Now during data generation the attitude is converted to a preference using a normal distribution. \autoref{fig:Evaluation:DataGeneration} shows how we convert the user profile to preferences.
+
+\pgfplotsset{height=5cm,width=\textwidth,compat=1.8}
+\pgfmathdeclarefunction{gauss}{2}{%
+  \pgfmathparse{1/(#2*sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-((x-#1)^2)/(2*#2^2))}%
+}
+\begin{figure}
+    \begin{tikzpicture}
+        \begin{axis}[
+            every axis plot post/.append style={
+                mark=none, domain=0:1, samples=50, smooth
+            },
+            axis x line*=bottom,
+            xmin=0,
+            xmax=1,
+            ymin=0.1,
+            xticklabel style={
+                /pgf/number format/precision=3,
+            },
+            xtick={0,0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1},
+            hide y axis]
+          \addplot [draw=red][very thick] {gauss(0.25,0.1)} node[text=red][above,pos=0.5] {negative};
+          \addplot [draw=blue][very thick] {gauss(0.5,0.05)} node[text=blue][above,pos=0.48] {neutral};
+          \addplot [draw=green!60!black][very thick] {gauss(0.75,0.1)} node[text=green!60!black][above,pos=0.5] {positive};
+        \end{axis}
+        \end{tikzpicture}
+ \caption{Distribution of preferences for a user type.}
+\label{fig:Evaluation:DataGeneration}
+\end{figure}
+
+These user profiles can be used to generate rather homogenous groups but also to create groups that have interests that are more conflicting. For completely random groups a uniform distribution is used to create more chaotic groups. The whole process is shown in \autoref{fig:Evaluation:GeneratingDataProcess}.
+
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{./figures/bpmn_evaluation_input_data_generation.pdf}
+    \caption{The process used for generating data for the evaluation.}
+    \label{fig:Evaluation:GeneratingDataProcess}
+\end{figure}

25_Outline/sections/70_further_work.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\chapter{Further Work}
+\label{ch:FurtherWork}
+
+\section{Possible Extensions or Further Research}
+\label{sec:FurtherWork:PossibleExtensions}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+    \item How to optimise such that no need to search through all stored finished configurations is necessary? (e.g. improve runtime from $\mathcal{O}(n)$ to $\mathcal{O}(log\ n)$)
+    \item How to model hierarchy and knowledge about product components in preferences?
+    \item Letting users set preferences for product functions (e.g. for a forest a recreation function, a productive function, a protective function, etc.). How does it compare to explicitly choosing preferences?
+\end{itemize}

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+f
+Q Q
+showpage
+%%Trailer
+count op_count sub {pop} repeat
+countdictstack dict_count sub {end} repeat
+cairo_eps_state restore
+%%EOF

30_Thesis/sdqthesis.cls

@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+%% LaTeX2e class for student theses
+%% sdthesis.cls
+%%
+%% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
+%% Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization
+%% Chair for Software Design and Quality (SDQ)
+%%
+%% Dr.-Ing. Erik Burger
+%% burger@kit.edu
+%%
+%% Version 1.3.3, 2018-04-17
+%%
+%% SVN-Informationen:
+%% ------------------
+%% $LastChangedBy: burger $
+%% $LastChangedRevision: 5524 $
+%% $LastChangedDate: 2018-04-17 16:49:27 +0200 (Di, 17 Apr 2018) $
+%% $HeadURL: https://svnserver.informatik.kit.edu/i43/svn/lehre/Abschlussarbeiten-Vorlage/sdqthesis.cls $
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{sdqthesis}[2017/08/01 v1.3.2 Student thesis class]
+% Language options. German is also needed in English thesis for the abstract
+\DeclareOption{ngerman}{\PassOptionsToPackage{\CurrentOption}{babel}}
+\DeclareOption{english}{\PassOptionsToPackage{main=\CurrentOption,ngerman}{babel}}
+% Oneside and twoside layout
+\DeclareOption{oneside}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption,BCOR=10mm}{scrbook}}
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption,BCOR=20mm}{scrbook}}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+% Used to detect language families
+\RequirePackage{translations}
+
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
+%% | Based on KOMAscript by Markus Kohm http://www.komascript.de |
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------------
+\LoadClass[12pt,a4paper,titlepage=true,DIV=15,headsepline]{scrbook}
+
+%% ---------------
+%% | Page Layout |
+%% ---------------
+\RequirePackage[headsepline,draft=false]{scrlayer-scrpage}
+\pagestyle{scrheadings}
+
+% For one-sided layout, put the page marks on the right margin
+\if@twoside%
+\else%
+\chead[]{}
+\ohead{\headmark}
+\cfoot[]{}
+\ofoot[\pagemark]{\pagemark}
+\fi%
+
+\clubpenalty=10000 %prevent orphans
+\widowpenalty=10000 %prevent widows
+
+%% --------------
+%% | Typography |
+%% --------------
+
+% T1 font encoding
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\RequirePackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+
+% serif type: Linux Libertine
+\RequirePackage{libertine}
+% Linux Libertine in math mode
+\RequirePackage[libertine]{newtxmath}
+
+% grotesque type: Adobe Source Sans Pro
+\RequirePackage[scaled=.92]{sourcesanspro}
+
+% monospace type: Bera Mono
+\RequirePackage[scaled=.78]{beramono}
+
+% semi-bold type (for subsections and paragraphs)
+\newcommand*{\sbdefault}{sb}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\sbseries}{%
+  \not@math@alphabet\sbseries\relax
+  \fontseries\sbdefault\selectfont}
+
+\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textsb}{\sbseries}
+
+\addtokomafont{subsection}{\sbseries}
+\addtokomafont{subsubsection}{\sbseries}
+\addtokomafont{paragraph}{\sbseries}
+
+% microtype for nicer typography
+\RequirePackage[protrusion=true,expansion=true]{microtype}
+
+% commands for code and model keywords in text
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{\hyphenchar\font45\relax #1}}
+\newcommand{\model}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+
+% nicer spacing for enumerations
+\RequirePackage{enumitem}
+
+%% --------------
+%% | Title page |
+%% --------------
+
+% Logos
+\newcommand{\thegrouplogo}{sdqlogo}
+\newcommand{\grouplogo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thegrouplogo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\printgrouplogo}{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/\thegrouplogo}}
+\newcommand{\nogrouplogo}{\renewcommand{\printgrouplogo}{}}
+
+\titlehead{%
+% KIT logo german/english
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}
+{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/kitlogo_en_cmyk}}
+{\includegraphics[height=1.8cm]{logos/kitlogo_de_cmyk}}
+\hfill
+% SDQ logo
+\printgrouplogo
+\ThisCenterWallPaper{1}{title-background.pdf}
+}
+
+%
+\setkomafont{title}{\huge\sffamily\bfseries}
+\setkomafont{subtitle}{\normalfont\large}
+
+\uppertitleback{Karlsruher Institut für Technologie\\ Fakultät für Informatik\\ Postfach 6980\\ 76128 Karlsruhe}
+
+%% variables for title page
+\newcommand{\theinstitute}{\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}
+    {Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization (IPD)}
+    {Institut für Programmstrukturen und Datenorganisation (IPD)}}
+\newcommand{\thethesistype}{}
+\newcommand{\thereviewerone}{}
+\newcommand{\thereviewertwo}{}
+\newcommand{\theadvisorone}{}
+\newcommand{\theadvisortwo}{}
+\newcommand{\theeditstart}{}
+\newcommand{\theeditend}{}
+
+%% formatting commands for titlepage
+\newcommand{\thesistype}[1]{\subtitle{\vskip2em #1 \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{of}{von}}%
+\renewcommand{\thethesistype}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\myinstitute}[1]{\renewcommand{\theinstitute}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\reviewerone}[1]{\renewcommand{\thereviewerone}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\reviewertwo}[1]{\renewcommand{\thereviewertwo}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\advisorone}[1]{\renewcommand{\theadvisorone}{#1}}
+\newcommand{\advisortwo}[1]{\renewcommand{\theadvisortwo}{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\editingtime}[2]{%
+\renewcommand{\theeditstart}{#1}%
+\renewcommand{\theeditend}{#2}%
+%% do not show the date
+\date{}
+}
+
+\newcommand{\settitle}{%
+\publishers{%
+\large
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{at the Department of Informatics}%
+{an der Fakultät für Informatik}\\
+\theinstitute\\[2em]
+\begin{tabular}{l l}
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Reviewer}{Erstgutachter}: & \thereviewerone\\
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Second reviewer}{Zweitgutachter}: & \thereviewertwo\\
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Advisor}{Betreuender Mitarbeiter}: &  \theadvisorone\\
+  % if there is no second advisor, do not output this line
+  \ifthenelse{\equal{\theadvisortwo}{}}{}{%
+  \ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{Second advisor}{Zweiter betreuender Mitarbeiter}: & \theadvisortwo\\
+  }
+\end{tabular}
+\vskip2em
+\theeditstart{} -- \theeditend
+}
+}
+
+%% -----------------------------
+%% | Abstract/Acknowledgements |
+%% -----------------------------
+
+\newcommand{\abstract}[1][\abstractname]{\chapter*{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Abstract}[1][\abstractname]{\chapter*{#1}\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}}
+
+\def\ackname{Acknowledgments}
+\def\abstractname{Abstract}
+\def\switcht@deutsch{\svlanginfo
+	\def\ackname{Danksagung}
+	\def\abstractname{Kurzfassung}
+}
+\def\switcht@english{\svlanginfo
+	\def\ackname{Acknowledgements}
+	\def\abstractname{Abstract}
+}
+
+%% In English theses, an additional German Abstract is needed.
+\newcommand{\includeabstract}{
+\ifcurrentbaselanguage{English}{
+% include English and German abstracts
+\input{sections/abstract_en.tex}
+\begin{otherlanguage}{ngerman}
+\input{sections/abstract_de.tex}
+\end{otherlanguage}
+}{
+% include only German abstract
+\include{sections/abstract_de}
+}
+}
+
+%% ------------
+%% | Packages |
+%% ------------
+
+% draft mode
+\RequirePackage{ifdraft}
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+
+% enumerate subsubsections
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+
+% wallpaper for title page (KIT-Frame)
+\RequirePackage{wallpaper}
+
+% subimport of files
+\RequirePackage{import}
+
+% languages
+\RequirePackage{babel}
+
+% hyphenation for compound words
+\RequirePackage[shortcuts]{extdash}
+
+% nice tables
+\RequirePackage{booktabs}
+\RequirePackage{longtable}
+\RequirePackage{array}
+
+% show graphics in draft mode
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+\setkeys{Gin}{draft=false}
+
+% appendix
+\RequirePackage[toc,title,header]{appendix}
+\noappendicestocpagenum
+
+% PDF specific packages
+\RequirePackage[hyphens]{url}
+\RequirePackage[breaklinks,colorlinks=false]{hyperref}
+\newcommand\setpdf{\hypersetup{%
+    pdftitle={\thethesistype},%
+    pdfsubject={\@title},%
+    pdfauthor={\@author},%
+    pdfborder={0 0 0},%
+    }%
+    \let\theauthor\@author
+}

30_Thesis/sections/00_introduction.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+\chapter{Introduction}
+\label{ch:Introduction}
+
+\section{Motivation}
+\label{sec:Introduction:Motivation}
+
+Product configuration supports companies in their sales process, it reduces costs and decreases time needed to produce an offer for a product \cite{shafieeCostBenefitAnalysis2018}. Usually configuration is done by one user but for complex decisions the risk that a single user will make mistakes increases therefore making the decision in a group can yield better results \cite{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016, felfernigGroupDecisionSupport2011}. Unfortunately groups are not immune to group biases and group dynamics that can reduce the benefits of group decisions \cite{kerrBiasJudgmentComparing1996}.
+There exists work on recommender systems for configuration and there are recommender systems for groups but there has not been any work on how to combine these. A recommender system, can help reduce influence of group behaviour and thereby increases the benefit of groups making more rational decisions than individuals \cite{charnessGroupsMakeBetter2012}.
+
+\section{Research Question}
+\label{sec:Introduction:ResearchQuestion}
+\begin{enumerate}
+    \item How can decision-making in group configuration processes be supported (through recommender systems)? (central question)
+    \item Which requirements do configuration systems for collaborative decision-making have and how could such a system look like?
+    \item How does group hierarchy and structure influence the decision-making process in group based configuration scenarios?
+\end{enumerate}

30_Thesis/sections/10_foundations.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+\chapter{Foundations}
+\label{ch:Foundations}
+
+Since this thesis focuses on recommender systems to support group decisions in the context of group based configuration it is important to define what we mean by these terms. This chapter describes foundations that sow what a recommender system is, approaches that can be taken and how it is possible to build with these approaches a group recommender. Additionally configuration and group configuration are defined. In group decisions biases can have an effect of the groups decision making ability and some of these are presented here to consider their effect on group decisions. 
+
+\section{Recommender System}
+\label{sec:Foundations:RecommenderSystem}
+
+A recommender system is a system that gives individualized recommendations to users to guide them through a large space of objects \cite[~ p. 331]{burkeHybridRecommenderSystems2002}.
+
+There are several approaches to recommender systems presented in \cite{felfernigGroupRecommenderSystems2018}, these are: collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, critiquing-based filtering, constraint-based, hybrid recommendation.
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & The Matrix & Titanic & Die Hard & Forest Gump & Wall-E \\ \hline
+         John  & 5 & 1 &   & 2 & 2 \\
+         Lucy  & 1 & 5 & 2 & 5 & 5 \\
+         Eric  & 2 & ? & 3 & 5 & 4 \\
+         Diane & 4 & 3 & 5 & 3 &   \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{An example showing users ratings for movies by \citeauthor{ningComprehensiveSurveyNeighborhoodBased2015} \cite{ningComprehensiveSurveyNeighborhoodBased2015}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Collaborative Filtering}
+In collaborative filtering a users rating for unknown items is predicted by finding similar users who have rated it. Their rating is used as prediction
+\cite[~ pp. 7, 8]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Collaborative Filtering can not only be done using users, it can also be item-based. Hereby the similarity between items is used for a recommendation and not similar users \cite{ricciRecommenderSystemsHandbook2015}. In the context of configuration the similarity to other historic configurations can be used which makes it an item based approach. 
+
+\autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} shows an example rating matrix. A simple user-based way to calculate rating would be now to use a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm and then take the average of those ratings. Using this method with $k := 2$ and euclidean distance our closest neighbours are \textit{Lucy} and \textit{Diane} therefore giving us a predicted rating of $4$.  If we use item based illustration instead, we will try to find similar items based on the users rating. An example of similar items here would be \textit{Forest Gump} and \textit{Wall-E} as John and Lucy each have given them the sane rating and Eric's rating is off by one. Using again kNN with $k := 2$ we find that \textit{Forest Gump} and \textit{Wall-E} are the most similar to \textit{Titanic} thereby having a predicted rating of $4.5$.
+However this simple similarity and prediction function does not take into account different distances. For example Lucy's ratings are more similar compared to Eric's than Diane's but Diane's and Lucy's rating is valued the same amount.
+
+\subsection{Content-Based Filtering}
+Items and users are assigned to categories. Based on consumption and rating of items a user will have implicit ratings for categories. Predictions are now made based on a categories of the new item \cite[~ pp. 10, 11]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Using our example from \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} and using an additional category matrix (see \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}) we can derive a rating matrix per category (using the average rating of the user of each movie contained in this category). The result can be seen in \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringProfiles}. To predict Eric's rating of Titanic we now can use the categories of \textit{Titanic} and average out Eric's implicit rating per category. Titanic is only in the category romance and as Eric's rating of \textit{Forest Gump} is $5$ the prediction is a rating of $5$. Categories don't have to be the genre, they could be any kind of data about a movie.
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & The Matrix & Titanic & Die Hard & Forest Gump & Wall-E \\ \hline
+         Action  & x &  & x  &  &  \\
+         Sci-Fi  & x &  &  &  &  \\
+         Thriller  &  & & x &  &  \\
+         Romance & & x & & x & \\
+         Family & & & & x & x \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{Showing example categories for movies in \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}
+    \centering    
+    \begin{tabular}{ l | c | c | c | c | c }
+        & Action & Sci-Fi & Thriller & Romance & Family \\ \hline
+        John  & 5 & 5 & & 1.5 & 2 \\
+        Lucy  & 1.5 & 1 & 2 & 5 & 5 \\
+        Eric  & 2.5 & 2 & 3 & 5 & 4.5 \\
+        Diane & 4.5 & 4 & 5 & 3 & 3  \\
+    \end{tabular}
+    \caption{User profiles generated from categories and rating from \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences} and \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringCategories}.}
+    
+    \label{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:ContentBasedFilteringProfiles}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Critiquing-Based Recommendation}
+Items are recommended and a user can then critique on attributes of the recommendation. Based on that a similar item which does not have those critiques can be recommended. User preferences are implicitly collected this way \cite{knijnenburgEachHisOwn2011}.
+
+With a critique based approach Eric sees a suggestion of watching \textit{The Island} and its attributes. He then can say that he finds this movie has too much action. The critique based recommender will now present a movie that has similar attributes as \textit{The Island} but with less action. For example \textit{Titanic} could be the next suggestion.
+
+\subsection{Constraint-Based Recommendation}
+Hereby filter rules are defined which filter out items that don't fulfil specified rules. A user models their requirements with these rules and thereby gets a list of recommended items. This approach requires deep knowledge about a product because it needs a detailed description of features  \cite[~ p. 12]{felfernigDecisionTasksBasic2018}.
+
+Our movie example (see \autoref{tab:Foundations:RecommenderSystem:MoviePreferences}) needs have additional information for example about plot structure, pacing, length and other attributes of the movie. Now the user could give as filter, that the movie should be no longer than 120 minutes, be categorized as action or thriller and have a fast pacing. The system will only recommend movies that fit into these categories.
+
+\subsection{Hybrid Recommendation}
+A hybrid recommender combines different recommendation approaches to use the strengths of each individual one and to reduce effects of weaknesses \cite{burkeHybridRecommenderSystems2002}.
+
+\section{Group Recommender System}
+
+A group recommender system is a recommender system aimed at making recommendations for a group instead of a single user. To make recommendations group members preferences have to be aggregated. This can be done by either aggregating single user recommendations or by merging preferences of each user into a group preference model. Based on this model recommendation strategies as described in \autoref{sec:Foundations:RecommenderSystem} can be used to generate recommendations \cite{jamesonRecommendationGroups2007}.
+
+\section{Product Configuration}
+\label{sec:Foundations:ProductConfiguration}
+
+Product configuration is a process consisting of a series of decision tasks whereby a product is constructed of components which interact with each other. During a configuration process no new components are created. Their interplay and specification is defined beforehand \cite[~ pp. 42, 43]{sabinProductConfigurationFrameworksa1998}.
+
+Formally a configuration problem can be specified as a \emph{constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)} \cite{tsangFoundationsConstraintSatisfaction1993} as 
+\[
+    CSP(V,D,C)
+\]
+where \( V = \{v_1,\dots, v_n\} \) is a set of variables, \( D = dom : V \mapsto X \) is a relation of variables and their corresponding domain definitions \( X \), and \( C = C_{PREF} \cup C_{KB} \) is a set of constraints with customer preferences \( C_{PREF} \) and configuration knowledge base \( C_{KB} \) \cite{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016, felfernigOpenConfiguration2014}.
+
+
+\section{Group-Based Product Configuration}
+\label{sec:Foundations:GroupBasedProductConfiguration}
+
+If instead of a single person configuring a product we would like to have a group of people which can be useful in multi-stakeholder decisions, it needs mechanisms for describing the preferences of multiple people. Therefore we extend the definition of product configuration from (\autoref{sec:Foundations:ProductConfiguration}) to 
+\[ 
+    C_{PREF} = \bigcup 
+PREF_i \]
+with preferences of user \( i \) as \( PREF_i \) \cite{ felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}.
+
+\section{Group-Based Configuration-Solution}
+\label{sec:Foundations:GroupBasedConfigurationSolution}
+
+\autoref{sec:Foundations:ProductConfiguration} and \autoref{sec:Foundations:GroupBasedProductConfiguration} expand to a solution of a group-based configuration with the addition of variable assignments
+\[
+    C_{CONF} = \bigcup_{v_i \in V} \{ v_i = x_i \}, \ x_i \in dom(v_i)
+\]
+and where \( C_{CONF} \cup C_{PREF} \cup C_{KB} \) is consistent \cite{ felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}.
+
+\section{Group Bias}
+\label{sec:Foundations:GroupBias}
+
+Groups have biases same as individuals. Some of these stem from individual biases that are transferred to a group and others only occur in group settings. This section covers some of those effects. These effects are described by \citeauthor{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018} \cite{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018}.
+
+\subsection{GroupThink}
+
+The bias called GroupThink occurs, when group members prefer to avoid conflicts instead of being mainly interested in getting the best decision outcome. Alternative options are in these circumstances not analysed close enough \cite{janis1982groupthink}.
+An avoidance strategy for this effect is for leaders to delay stating there opinion until all alternatives have been viewed in detail \citeauthor{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018}. Recommender systems can aid group decision quality through encouraged information exchange as discussed by \citeauthor{atasItemRecommendationUsing2017} in \cite{atasItemRecommendationUsing2017}.
+
+
+\subsection{Anchoring}
+
+The first information provided is relied upon to heavily. In a group setting this can be triggered by the group member to first express their opinion. Often this is triggered if group members see preferences of others too early, therefore recommender systems should not show the rating of other users \cite{cosley2003seeing}.
+
+\subsection{Serial Position Effects}
+
+The serial positioning effects is the effect that users have a higher retention rate of items in a list that are presented first or last and these items are more closely examined \cite{felfernigPersuasiveRecommendationSerial2007,murphyPrimacyRecencyEffects2006}. Additionally to remembering and examining items at the start and the end of a list also the order of items can change the option the user chooses in the end \cite{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018}.
+
+

30_Thesis/sections/20_related_work.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+\chapter{Related Work}
+\label{ch:Related_Work}
+
+\section{Group Recommender Systems}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:GroupRecommender}
+
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{choudharyMulticriteriaGroupRecommender2020}] propose a multi-criteria group recommender system. An analytical hierarchy process is used to learn priorities for film features like story, action, direction and to then make a number of best recommendations for a group of users. Their approach works well for film selection and they observe that it is easier to make recommendations for homogenous groups than for random groups. Also small groups receive better recommendations compared to large ones\cite{choudharyMulticriteriaGroupRecommender2020}.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}] looks at interface and interaction designs that supports the overall group and does not only consider each user individually. Chen design a music recommendation system \emph{GroupFun} with a focus on groups that tries to enhance mutual awareness and transparency. \citeauthor{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}'s assessment is that this work is still in a preliminary stage  \cite{chenInterfaceInteractionDesign2011}. Further work in that area was conducted by \citeauthor{chenEmpatheticonsDesigningEmotion2014} looking at emotional awareness in groups and how that can be visualised in a user interface \cite{chenEmpatheticonsDesigningEmotion2014}. 
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Group-Based Configuration}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:GroupBasedConfiguration}
+
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}] builds a collaborative configurator based on the CAS Merlin Configurator. Here groups of people are able to simultaneously configure a product. If there are any conflicts a conflict resolution process is started. However the prototype only allows a majority voting approach and does not provide any group decision support \cite{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}] introduces basic definitions of group based configuration tasks, shows what conflicts can occur, how to deal with inconsistencies in preferences among group members and how to integrate different decision heuristics into this process \cite{felferningGroupBasedConfiguration2016}.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{velasquez-guevaraMultiSPLOTSupportingMultiuser2018}] implement a web based simultaneous group-based configuration system that uses constraint programming. Hereby each user configures according to their own preferences and the system proposes a configuration according to different strategies \cite{velasquez-guevaraMultiSPLOTSupportingMultiuser2018}.  
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Recommender Systems for Configuration}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:RecommenderSystemsForConfiguration}
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{rubinshteynEntwicklungHybridenRecommender2018}] looks at different approaches to recommendation and implements a prototype with CAS Merlin Configurator which uses a hybrid recommender system. His prototype combines constraint-based filtering with collaborative filtering \cite{rubinshteynEntwicklungHybridenRecommender2018}.
+
+    \item [\citeauthor{benzMoeglichkeitenIntelligenterEmpfehlungssysteme2017}] uses a constraint based recommender that uses fuzzy logic to relax constraints and thereby reducing the amount of times where the recommender is unable to make recommendations. With his approach a product manager has direct influence on the recommendations. Rules for recommendations hereby are not automatically learned but only manually created and relate to predefined user interest categories \cite{benzMoeglichkeitenIntelligenterEmpfehlungssysteme2017}.
+
+    \item [\citeauthor{ullmannEntwurfUndUmsetzung2017}] implements a recommendation engine that is able to estimate customer budgets, a k-nearest neighbour classifier for finding a base configuration and non-negative matrix factorization combines with nearest neighbour to find configurations for specific users \cite{ullmannEntwurfUndUmsetzung2017}. \par
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017}] combines collaborative filtering and click-stream analysis. For collaborative filtering he implements three filtering algorithms: k-nearest neighbour, weighted majority voting and non-negative matrix factorization. Collaborative filtering is used to find configurations that are similar to the current configuration. Click-stream analysis is done by using n-grams and the Smith-Waterman algorithm. \citeauthor{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017} also tries to use click-stream data in combination with Markov chains to give recommendations on how configuration options should be ordered in a configuration form \cite{wetzelPersonalisierterUndLernender2017}.
+
+    \item[\citeauthor{falknerRecommendationTechnologiesConfigurable2011}] provide an overview of recommendation approaches for configuration to improve usability of configuration systems. They look at feature recommender to recommend which features in a configuration would be useful to have and at value recommender for these features. Additionally they discuss approaches for ranking and recommending explanations for inconsistencies between customers requirements and product rules \cite{falknerRecommendationTechnologiesConfigurable2011}.
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Group Dynamics and Bias}
+\label{sec:Related_Work:GroupDynamicsAndBias}
+
+\begin{description}[style=unboxed, leftmargin=0cm, font=\normalfont]
+    \item[\citeauthor{charnessGroupsMakeBetter2012}] study group decision-making in the context of classical game-theoretic games. They find that groups act more rational in these contexts but also note that this can lead to decisions that sacrifice social welfare towards individual gain. They also note that diversity increases effectiveness of the group if the environment is of participatory nature in an environment that allows expression of diverse ideas \cite{charnessGroupsMakeBetter2012}.
+    \item[\citeauthor{bonnerEffectsMemberExpertise2002}] study the effects of expertise on group decision-making and performance. The look at an easy and a moderately difficult version of the game Mastermind. The results show that provided performance ratings for each group members helped groups use that expertise as group members gave more weight to high performing member's opinions. This effect was only visible when looking at the moderately difficult task. Using experts in groups caused them to perform significantly better than individuals. In their conclusion \citeauthor{bonnerEffectsMemberExpertise2002} note that expertise should be taken into account when modelling group decision-making \cite{bonnerEffectsMemberExpertise2002}.
+    \item[\citeauthor{atasItemRecommendationUsing2017}] look at how the diversity of recommendations in a group decision scenario effects information exchange among group members. In the conducted study participants chose exam topics in a group. They had support by a system that aids group decisions. A noticeable result was that increased recommendation diversity lead to greater information exchange in groups \cite{atasItemRecommendationUsing2017}. 
+    \item[\citeauthor{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018}] give an overview over biases that occur in groups. Additionally they provide some measures to reduce these biases. The presented biases range from biases that are also prevalent in individuals to biases that only effect groups \cite{felfernigBiasesGroupDecisions2018}.
+\end{description}
+

30_Thesis/sections/30_problem_and_objectives.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\chapter{Problem Identification and Solution Objectives}
+\label{ch:ProblemAndObjectives}

30_Thesis/sections/40_concept.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+\chapter{Concept}
+\label{ch:Concept}
+
+\section{CAS Configurator Merlin}
+\label{sec:Concept:ConfiguratorMerlin}
+
+\autoref{fig:Concept:ConfiguratorMerlin} shows the architecture of CAS Configurator Merlin.
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Core] provides the base of the configurator it checks configuration against all rules in the database, provides possible alternatives on a change that invalidates other parts of a configuration.
+    \item[M.Model] is the editor to create products and rules. These rules can then be uploaded to M.Core.
+    \item[M.Customer] is the customer facing component. It allows a customer to configure a product.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/40_concept/MerlinConfigurator.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Configurator Merlin \cite[Fig. 4.1]{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}}
+    \label{fig:Concept:ConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{CAS Group-Configurator}
+\label{sec:Concept:GroupConfigurator}
+
+\citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019} extends CAS Merlin Configurator in his thesis to allow simultaneous configuration. The extended architecture is shown in \autoref{fig:Concept:CollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}.
+He only makes changes to M.Customer which is renamed to M.Collab-Customer and introduces a new component M.Collab.
+
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Collab] is a node.js server application that communicates with M.Core via REST-API and with M.Collab-Customer via WebSocket. It sits in between M.Collab-Customer and M.Core and handles all processing regarding collaborative configuration.
+    \item[M.Collab-Customer] a modified version of M.Customer that does all communication via WebSocket and does communicate with M.Collab instead of M.Core.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/40_concept/MerlinCollaborativeConfigurator.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Collaborative Configurator Merlin \cite[Fig. 4.3]{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019}}
+    \label{fig:Concept:CollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Extended Configurator}
+\label{sec:Concept:ExtendedConfigurator}
+
+Extending \citeauthor{raabKollaborativeProduktkonfigurationEchtzeit2019} work a module called M.Recommender is added. Its aim is to provide a recommendation server that holds all the data needed for recommendations. M.Collab and M.Collab-Customer have to be modified to allow taking in preferences and to show  recommendations. The recommender engine is set up to be in a separate system which allows the easier replacement and the usage of different technologies. The extended architecture is shown in \autoref{fig:Concept:RecommenderForCollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}.
+
+\begin{description}
+    \item[M.Recommender] is a new system that will get queried from M.Collab for recommendations, when the configuration changes. M.Recommender will return recommendations which then can be presented to users by M.Collab-Customer.
+\end{description}
+
+\begin{figure}
+    \centering
+    \includegraphics{./figures/40_concept/MerlinCollabRecommender.pdf}
+    \caption{Architecture of Collaborative Configurator Merlin with an added recommender system.}
+    \label{fig:Concept:RecommenderForCollaborativeConfiguratorMerlin}
+\end{figure}

30_Thesis/sections/50_implementation.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\chapter{Implementation}
+\label{ch:Implementation}

30_Thesis/sections/60_evaluation.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\chapter{Evaluation}
+\label{ch:Evaluation}

30_Thesis/sections/70_future_work.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\chapter{Future Work}
+\label{ch:FutureWork}

30_Thesis/sections/80_conclusion.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\chapter{Conclusion}
+\label{ch:Conclusion}

30_Thesis/sections/abstract_de.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\Abstract
+Deutsche Zusammenfassung

30_Thesis/sections/abstract_en.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+\Abstract
+English abstract.

30_Thesis/sections/appendix.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+\iflanguage{english}
+{\chapter{Appendix}}    % english style
+{\chapter{Anhang}}      % german style
+\label{chap:appendix}
+
+
+%% -------------------
+%% | Example content |
+%% -------------------
+\section{First Appendix Section}
+\label{sec:appendix:FirstSection}
+		
+\setcounter{figure}{0}
+		
+\begin{figure} [ht]
+  \centering
+  \caption{A figure}
+  \label{fig:anotherfigure}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\dots
+%% ---------------------
+%% | / Example content |
+%% ---------------------

30_Thesis/sections/declaration.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+%% LaTeX2e class for student theses: Declaration of independent work
+%% sections/declaration.tex
+%% 
+%% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
+%% Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization
+%% Chair for Software Design and Quality (SDQ)
+%%
+%% Dr.-Ing. Erik Burger
+%% burger@kit.edu
+%%
+%% Version 1.3.3, 2018-04-17
+
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+\null\vfill
+\noindent\hbox to \textwidth{\hrulefill} 
+\iflanguage{english}{I declare that I have developed and written the enclosed
+thesis completely by myself, and have not used sources or means without
+declaration in the text.}%
+{Ich versichere wahrheitsgemäß, die Arbeit
+selbstständig angefertigt, alle benutzten Hilfsmittel vollständig und genau
+angegeben und alles kenntlich gemacht zu haben, was aus Arbeiten anderer
+unverändert oder mit Änderungen entnommen wurde.}
+ 
+ 
+%% ---------------------------------------------
+%% | Replace PLACE and DATE with actual values |
+%% ---------------------------------------------
+\textbf{PLACE, DATE}
+\vspace{1.5cm}
+ 
+\dotfill\hspace*{8.0cm}\\
+\hspace*{2cm}(\theauthor) 
+\cleardoublepage

30_Thesis/thesis.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+%% LaTeX2e class for student theses
+%% thesis.tex
+%% 
+%% Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
+%% Institute for Program Structures and Data Organization
+%% Chair for Software Design and Quality (SDQ)
+%%
+%% Dr.-Ing. Erik Burger
+%% burger@kit.edu
+%%
+%% See https://sdqweb.ipd.kit.edu/wiki/Dokumentvorlagen
+%%
+%% {$HeadURL: https://svnserver.informatik.kit.edu/i43/svn/lehre/Abschlussarbeiten-Vorlage/thesis.tex $}
+%% {$LastChangedDate: 2018-08-02 14:19:06 +0200 (Do, 02 Aug 2018) $}
+%% {$LastChangedRevision: 5705 $}
+%% {$LastChangedBy: burger $}
+
+%% Available page modes: oneside, twoside
+%% Available modes: draft, final (see README)
+\documentclass[twoside, english, draft]{sdqthesis}
+
+%% ---------------------------------
+%% | Information about the thesis  |
+%% ---------------------------------
+
+%% Name of the author
+\author{Hannes F. Kuchelmeister}
+
+%% Title (and possibly subtitle) of the thesis
+\title{Decision Support for Group-Based Configuration using Recommender Systems}
+
+%% Type of the thesis 
+\thesistype{Bachelor's Thesis}
+
+%% Change the institute here, ``IPD'' is default
+% \myinstitute{Institute for \dots}
+
+%% You can put a logo in the ``logos'' directory and include it here
+%% instead of the SDQ logo
+% \grouplogo{myfile}
+
+%% Alternatively, you can disable the group logo
+\nogrouplogo
+
+%% The reviewers are the professors that grade your thesis
+\reviewerone{Prof. Dr. Ralf H. Reussner}
+\reviewertwo{Prof. Dr. Christof Weinhardt}
+
+%% The advisors are PhDs or Postdocs
+\advisorone{Dr. rer. nat. Robert Heinrich}
+%% The second advisor can be omitted
+\advisortwo{M.A. Jonas Fegert}
+
+%% Please enter the start end end time of your thesis
+\usepackage{texdate}
+\initdate{2019}{12}{16}
+\editingtime{\printfdate{british}}{\advancebymonths{4}\printfdate{british}}
+
+\settitle
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Settings for word separation |
+%% --------------------------------
+
+%% Describe separation hints here.
+%% For more details, see 
+%% http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Text_Formatting#Hyphenation
+\hyphenation{
+% me-ta-mo-del
+}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | PDF Comments                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage[colorinlistoftodos, obeyDraft]{todonotes}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Gantt Charts                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage{pgfgantt}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Quotation                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+
+\usepackage{csquotes}
+\MakeOuterQuote{"}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | Bibliography                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+
+%% Use biber instead of BibTeX, see README
+\usepackage[citestyle=numeric,style=numeric,sorting=none,backend=biber]{biblatex}
+\addbibresource{thesis.bib}
+
+%% --------------------------------
+%% | File Inputs                 |
+%% --------------------------------
+\usepackage{texosquery}
+
+%% ====================================
+%% ====================================
+%% ||                                ||
+%% || Beginning of the main document ||
+%% ||                                ||
+%% ====================================
+%% ====================================
+\begin{document}
+
+%% Set PDF metadata
+\setpdf
+
+%% Set the title
+\maketitle
+
+%% The Preamble begins here
+\frontmatter
+
+\input{sections/declaration.tex}
+
+
+\setcounter{page}{1}
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+
+%% ----------------
+%% |   Abstract   |
+%% ----------------
+ 
+%% For theses written in English, an abstract both in English
+%% and German is mandatory.
+%%
+%% For theses written in German, a German abstract is sufficient.
+%%
+%% The text is included from the following files:
+%% - sections/abstract
+
+\includeabstract
+
+%% ------------------------
+%% |   Table of Contents  |
+%% ------------------------
+\tableofcontents
+
+\listoffigures
+\listoftables
+
+%% -----------------
+%% |   Main part   |
+%% -----------------
+
+\mainmatter
+
+\input{sections/00_introduction.tex}
+\input{sections/10_foundations.tex}
+\input{sections/20_related_work.tex}
+\input{sections/30_problem_and_objectives.tex}
+\input{sections/40_concept.tex}
+\input{sections/50_implementation.tex}
+\input{sections/60_evaluation.tex}
+\input{sections/70_future_work.tex}
+\input{sections/80_conclusion.tex}
+
+
+
+%% --------------------
+%% |   Bibliography   |
+%% --------------------
+
+%% Add entry to the table of contents for the bibliography
+\printbibliography[heading=bibintoc]
+
+%% ----------------
+%% |   Appendix   |
+%% ----------------
+\appendix
+\input{sections/appendix.tex}
+
+\end{document}

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+</SCRIBUSUTF8NEW>

Additional_Notes/bpmn/configuration_process.bpmn

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="Definitions_0hcliey" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="bpmn-js (https://demo.bpmn.io)" exporterVersion="6.3.0">
+  <bpmn:process id="Process_0aaqeef" isExecutable="false">
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="Gateway_0rs0dwe" name="Have all preferences of all users been entered?">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0pmix2e</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_183a3gl</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_13jervv</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0sd24xk</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_1konb1u" name="generate recommendation">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0sd24xk</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>SequenceFlow_14bjmv4</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:property id="Property_03b25wa" name="__targetRef_placeholder" />
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0ug7unw</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_00hy6u9</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0yauk10</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_12rqerh" name="wait for preference input">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_13jervv</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0707to6" name="save preferences">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_1xs1aq5</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_183a3gl</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_0yauk10</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="Event_0pwno12" name="user logs in">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0opaylx</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="Gateway_0m8yvmm" name="Are all users logged in?">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0opaylx</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1l6p48t</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0wtv4e8</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_1l7kym5" name="wait for all users">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_1l6p48t</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0g26qnc" name="select starting state of configuration">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0wtv4e8</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0pmix2e</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_00hy6u9</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:intermediateThrowEvent id="Event_08vhdg2" name="user enters preference">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1xs1aq5</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:intermediateThrowEvent>
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_0yauk10" name="user preferences" />
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_00hy6u9" name="current configuration" />
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_0ug7unw" name="database of finished configurations" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0opaylx" sourceRef="Event_0pwno12" targetRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1l6p48t" name="no" sourceRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" targetRef="Activity_1l7kym5" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0wtv4e8" name="yes" sourceRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" targetRef="Activity_0g26qnc" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0pmix2e" sourceRef="Activity_0g26qnc" targetRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_13jervv" name="no" sourceRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" targetRef="Activity_12rqerh" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0sd24xk" name="yes" sourceRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" targetRef="Activity_1konb1u" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1xs1aq5" sourceRef="Event_08vhdg2" targetRef="Activity_0707to6" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_183a3gl" sourceRef="Activity_0707to6" targetRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" />
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EndEvent_049prfp">
+      <bpmn:incoming>SequenceFlow_14bjmv4</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="SequenceFlow_14bjmv4" sourceRef="Activity_1konb1u" targetRef="EndEvent_049prfp" />
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_0aaqeef">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0opaylx_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0opaylx">
+        <di:waypoint x="198" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="285" y="210" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1l6p48t_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1l6p48t">
+        <di:waypoint x="310" y="235" />
+        <di:waypoint x="310" y="270" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="293" y="258" width="13" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0wtv4e8_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0wtv4e8">
+        <di:waypoint x="335" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="390" y="210" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="353" y="192" width="19" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0pmix2e_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0pmix2e">
+        <di:waypoint x="490" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="625" y="210" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_13jervv_di" bpmnElement="Flow_13jervv">
+        <di:waypoint x="667" y="202" />
+        <di:waypoint x="751" y="153" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="695" y="163" width="13" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0sd24xk_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0sd24xk">
+        <di:waypoint x="675" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="750" y="210" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="703" y="192" width="19" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1xs1aq5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1xs1aq5">
+        <di:waypoint x="558" y="310" />
+        <di:waypoint x="600" y="310" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_183a3gl_di" bpmnElement="Flow_183a3gl">
+        <di:waypoint x="650" y="270" />
+        <di:waypoint x="650" y="235" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Gateway_0rs0dwe_di" bpmnElement="Gateway_0rs0dwe" isMarkerVisible="true">
+        <dc:Bounds x="625" y="185" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="613" y="123" width="74" height="53" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1konb1u_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1konb1u">
+        <dc:Bounds x="750" y="170" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_12rqerh_di" bpmnElement="Activity_12rqerh">
+        <dc:Bounds x="750" y="80" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0707to6_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0707to6">
+        <dc:Bounds x="600" y="270" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0pwno12_di" bpmnElement="Event_0pwno12">
+        <dc:Bounds x="162" y="192" width="36" height="36" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="152" y="235" width="57" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Gateway_1rbl3uy_di" bpmnElement="Gateway_0m8yvmm" isMarkerVisible="true">
+        <dc:Bounds x="285" y="185" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="278" y="147.5" width="63" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1l7kym5_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1l7kym5">
+        <dc:Bounds x="260" y="270" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0g26qnc_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0g26qnc">
+        <dc:Bounds x="390" y="170" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_08vhdg2_di" bpmnElement="Event_08vhdg2">
+        <dc:Bounds x="522" y="292" width="36" height="36" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="511" y="254.5" width="57" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0yauk10_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0yauk10">
+        <dc:Bounds x="725" y="285" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="707" y="342" width="86" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_00hy6u9_di" bpmnElement="Flow_00hy6u9">
+        <dc:Bounds x="775" y="395" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="768" y="452" width="64" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0ug7unw_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0ug7unw">
+        <dc:Bounds x="829" y="285" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="819" y="342" width="70" height="40" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci">
+        <di:waypoint x="840" y="285" />
+        <di:waypoint x="820" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y">
+        <di:waypoint x="800" y="395" />
+        <di:waypoint x="800" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq">
+        <di:waypoint x="763" y="285" />
+        <di:waypoint x="780" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6">
+        <di:waypoint x="700" y="310" />
+        <di:waypoint x="725" y="310" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs">
+        <di:waypoint x="440" y="250" />
+        <di:waypoint x="440" y="415" />
+        <di:waypoint x="775" y="415" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EndEvent_049prfp_di" bpmnElement="EndEvent_049prfp">
+        <dc:Bounds x="892" y="192" width="36" height="36" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="SequenceFlow_14bjmv4_di" bpmnElement="SequenceFlow_14bjmv4">
+        <di:waypoint x="850" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="892" y="210" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>

Additional_Notes/bpmn/configuration_process_continious_recommendation.bpmn

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="Definitions_0hcliey" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="bpmn-js (https://demo.bpmn.io)" exporterVersion="6.3.0">
+  <bpmn:process id="Process_0aaqeef" isExecutable="false">
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="Gateway_0rs0dwe" name="Have all preferences of all users been entered?">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0pmix2e</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_183a3gl</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0sd24xk</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>SequenceFlow_1ygx377</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_1konb1u" name="generate recommendation">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0sd24xk</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:property id="Property_03b25wa" name="__targetRef_placeholder" />
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0ug7unw</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_00hy6u9</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0yauk10</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_03b25wa</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0707to6" name="save preferences">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_1xs1aq5</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_183a3gl</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_0yauk10</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="Event_0pwno12" name="user logs in">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0opaylx</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:exclusiveGateway id="Gateway_0m8yvmm" name="Are all users logged in?">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0opaylx</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1l6p48t</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0wtv4e8</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:exclusiveGateway>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_1l7kym5" name="wait for all users">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_1l6p48t</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0g26qnc" name="select starting state of configuration">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0wtv4e8</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0pmix2e</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_00hy6u9</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:intermediateThrowEvent id="Event_08vhdg2" name="user enters preference">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_1xs1aq5</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:intermediateThrowEvent>
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_0yauk10" name="user preferences" />
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_00hy6u9" name="current configuration" />
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_0ug7unw" name="database of finished configurations" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0opaylx" sourceRef="Event_0pwno12" targetRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1l6p48t" name="no" sourceRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" targetRef="Activity_1l7kym5" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0wtv4e8" name="yes" sourceRef="Gateway_0m8yvmm" targetRef="Activity_0g26qnc" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0pmix2e" sourceRef="Activity_0g26qnc" targetRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0sd24xk" name="yes" sourceRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" targetRef="Activity_1konb1u" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_1xs1aq5" sourceRef="Event_08vhdg2" targetRef="Activity_0707to6" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_183a3gl" sourceRef="Activity_0707to6" targetRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" />
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="EndEvent_04vuhjz">
+      <bpmn:incoming>SequenceFlow_1ygx377</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="SequenceFlow_1ygx377" name="no" sourceRef="Gateway_0rs0dwe" targetRef="EndEvent_04vuhjz" />
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_0aaqeef">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0opaylx_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0opaylx">
+        <di:waypoint x="338" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="365" y="210" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1l6p48t_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1l6p48t">
+        <di:waypoint x="390" y="235" />
+        <di:waypoint x="390" y="270" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="373" y="236" width="13" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0wtv4e8_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0wtv4e8">
+        <di:waypoint x="415" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="460" y="210" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="429" y="192" width="17" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0pmix2e_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0pmix2e">
+        <di:waypoint x="560" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="625" y="210" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0sd24xk_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0sd24xk">
+        <di:waypoint x="675" y="210" />
+        <di:waypoint x="750" y="210" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="704" y="192" width="17" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_1xs1aq5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1xs1aq5">
+        <di:waypoint x="578" y="310" />
+        <di:waypoint x="600" y="310" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_183a3gl_di" bpmnElement="Flow_183a3gl">
+        <di:waypoint x="650" y="270" />
+        <di:waypoint x="650" y="235" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Gateway_0rs0dwe_di" bpmnElement="Gateway_0rs0dwe" isMarkerVisible="true">
+        <dc:Bounds x="625" y="185" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="608" y="123" width="85" height="53" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1konb1u_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1konb1u">
+        <dc:Bounds x="750" y="170" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0707to6_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0707to6">
+        <dc:Bounds x="600" y="270" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0pwno12_di" bpmnElement="Event_0pwno12">
+        <dc:Bounds x="302" y="192" width="36" height="36" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="292" y="235" width="57" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Gateway_1rbl3uy_di" bpmnElement="Gateway_0m8yvmm" isMarkerVisible="true">
+        <dc:Bounds x="365" y="185" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="359" y="148" width="61" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1l7kym5_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1l7kym5">
+        <dc:Bounds x="340" y="270" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0g26qnc_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0g26qnc">
+        <dc:Bounds x="460" y="170" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_08vhdg2_di" bpmnElement="Event_08vhdg2">
+        <dc:Bounds x="542" y="292" width="36" height="36" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="532" y="335" width="56" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0yauk10_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0yauk10">
+        <dc:Bounds x="725" y="285" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="707" y="342" width="86" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_00hy6u9_di" bpmnElement="Flow_00hy6u9">
+        <dc:Bounds x="775" y="395" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="768" y="452" width="64" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0ug7unw_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0ug7unw">
+        <dc:Bounds x="829" y="285" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="819" y="342" width="70" height="40" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_0oxxzci">
+        <di:waypoint x="840" y="285" />
+        <di:waypoint x="820" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_0j2qf1y">
+        <di:waypoint x="800" y="395" />
+        <di:waypoint x="800" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_052ijwq">
+        <di:waypoint x="763" y="285" />
+        <di:waypoint x="780" y="250" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_1yqt1l6">
+        <di:waypoint x="700" y="310" />
+        <di:waypoint x="725" y="310" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_1cxhkzs">
+        <di:waypoint x="510" y="250" />
+        <di:waypoint x="510" y="415" />
+        <di:waypoint x="775" y="415" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="EndEvent_04vuhjz_di" bpmnElement="EndEvent_04vuhjz">
+        <dc:Bounds x="762" y="112" width="36" height="36" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="SequenceFlow_1ygx377_di" bpmnElement="SequenceFlow_1ygx377">
+        <di:waypoint x="666" y="201" />
+        <di:waypoint x="765" y="140" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="709" y="154" width="13" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>

Additional_Notes/bpmn/generating_evaluation_input.bpmn

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<bpmn:definitions xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:bpmn="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/MODEL" xmlns:bpmndi="http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/20100524/DI" xmlns:dc="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DC" xmlns:di="http://www.omg.org/spec/DD/20100524/DI" id="Definitions_17iqhxr" targetNamespace="http://bpmn.io/schema/bpmn" exporter="bpmn-js (https://demo.bpmn.io)" exporterVersion="6.3.0">
+  <bpmn:process id="Process_0lzf9jk" isExecutable="false">
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_18mvlx8" sourceRef="Activity_1tcgmr4" targetRef="Event_17s8nnq" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0b8m6wa" sourceRef="Activity_0wp44i7" targetRef="Activity_1tcgmr4" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0y9052u" sourceRef="Activity_0xj4ejn" targetRef="Activity_0wp44i7" />
+    <bpmn:sequenceFlow id="Flow_0gdv3ul" sourceRef="Event_0d8jvwa" targetRef="Activity_0xj4ejn" />
+    <bpmn:endEvent id="Event_17s8nnq">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_18mvlx8</bpmn:incoming>
+    </bpmn:endEvent>
+    <bpmn:startEvent id="Event_0d8jvwa">
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0gdv3ul</bpmn:outgoing>
+    </bpmn:startEvent>
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_1tcgmr4" name="Save">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0b8m6wa</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_18mvlx8</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:property id="Property_1fza8iw" name="__targetRef_placeholder" />
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_0syollx">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_1jss46c</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_1fza8iw</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:dataObjectReference id="Flow_1jss46c" name="Configuration State and Preferences" dataObjectRef="Flow_1be451b" />
+    <bpmn:dataObject id="Flow_1be451b" />
+    <bpmn:dataStoreReference id="Flow_0vog5x8" name="Finished Configuration Database" />
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0wp44i7" name="Generate Preference, Configuration Pairs">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0y9052u</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0b8m6wa</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:property id="Property_0bni9in" name="__targetRef_placeholder" />
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_1as2fpu">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_1gbqvo5</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_0bni9in</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_197tuqn">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0dc8ucf</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_0bni9in</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_14x0clz">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_1jss46c</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+    <bpmn:dataObjectReference id="Flow_1gbqvo5" name="Partial Configurations" dataObjectRef="Flow_1cu24j2" />
+    <bpmn:dataObject id="Flow_1cu24j2" />
+    <bpmn:dataObjectReference id="Flow_0dc8ucf" name="Group Types" dataObjectRef="Flow_0majyqj" />
+    <bpmn:dataObject id="Flow_0majyqj" />
+    <bpmn:task id="Activity_0xj4ejn" name="Generate Partial Configuration">
+      <bpmn:incoming>Flow_0gdv3ul</bpmn:incoming>
+      <bpmn:outgoing>Flow_0y9052u</bpmn:outgoing>
+      <bpmn:property id="Property_0g89kuk" name="__targetRef_placeholder" />
+      <bpmn:dataInputAssociation id="DataInputAssociation_1lr92f2">
+        <bpmn:sourceRef>Flow_0vog5x8</bpmn:sourceRef>
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Property_0g89kuk</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataInputAssociation>
+      <bpmn:dataOutputAssociation id="DataOutputAssociation_14oxqhj">
+        <bpmn:targetRef>Flow_1gbqvo5</bpmn:targetRef>
+      </bpmn:dataOutputAssociation>
+    </bpmn:task>
+  </bpmn:process>
+  <bpmndi:BPMNDiagram id="BPMNDiagram_1">
+    <bpmndi:BPMNPlane id="BPMNPlane_1" bpmnElement="Process_0lzf9jk">
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0xj4ejn_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0xj4ejn">
+        <dc:Bounds x="230" y="220" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0dc8ucf_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0dc8ucf">
+        <dc:Bounds x="412" y="95" width="36" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="399" y="152" width="63" height="14" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_1gbqvo5_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1gbqvo5">
+        <dc:Bounds x="412" y="230" width="36" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="396" y="287" width="71" height="27" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_0wp44i7_di" bpmnElement="Activity_0wp44i7">
+        <dc:Bounds x="540" y="150" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_0vog5x8_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0vog5x8">
+        <dc:Bounds x="255" y="345" width="50" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="248" y="402" width="65" height="40" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_1lr92f2_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_1lr92f2">
+        <di:waypoint x="280" y="345" />
+        <di:waypoint x="280" y="300" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_14oxqhj_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_14oxqhj">
+        <di:waypoint x="330" y="260" />
+        <di:waypoint x="412" y="260" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_1as2fpu_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_1as2fpu">
+        <di:waypoint x="448" y="246" />
+        <di:waypoint x="540" y="200" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_197tuqn_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_197tuqn">
+        <di:waypoint x="448" y="128" />
+        <di:waypoint x="540" y="168" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Flow_1jss46c_di" bpmnElement="Flow_1jss46c">
+        <dc:Bounds x="582" y="275" width="36" height="50" />
+        <bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+          <dc:Bounds x="568" y="332" width="65" height="40" />
+        </bpmndi:BPMNLabel>
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Activity_1tcgmr4_di" bpmnElement="Activity_1tcgmr4">
+        <dc:Bounds x="700" y="150" width="100" height="80" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0b8m6wa_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0b8m6wa">
+        <di:waypoint x="640" y="190" />
+        <di:waypoint x="700" y="190" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataOutputAssociation_14x0clz_di" bpmnElement="DataOutputAssociation_14x0clz">
+        <di:waypoint x="593" y="230" />
+        <di:waypoint x="596" y="275" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="DataInputAssociation_0syollx_di" bpmnElement="DataInputAssociation_0syollx">
+        <di:waypoint x="618" y="289" />
+        <di:waypoint x="717" y="230" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0y9052u_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0y9052u">
+        <di:waypoint x="280" y="220" />
+        <di:waypoint x="280" y="190" />
+        <di:waypoint x="540" y="190" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_0d8jvwa_di" bpmnElement="Event_0d8jvwa">
+        <dc:Bounds x="152" y="242" width="36" height="36" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_0gdv3ul_di" bpmnElement="Flow_0gdv3ul">
+        <di:waypoint x="188" y="260" />
+        <di:waypoint x="230" y="260" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNShape id="Event_17s8nnq_di" bpmnElement="Event_17s8nnq">
+        <dc:Bounds x="732" y="82" width="36" height="36" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNShape>
+      <bpmndi:BPMNEdge id="Flow_18mvlx8_di" bpmnElement="Flow_18mvlx8">
+        <di:waypoint x="750" y="150" />
+        <di:waypoint x="750" y="118" />
+      </bpmndi:BPMNEdge>
+    </bpmndi:BPMNPlane>
+  </bpmndi:BPMNDiagram>
+</bpmn:definitions>

Additional_Notes/uml/activity_diagram_recommender.plantuml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+@startuml
+
+
+skinparam activity {
+  BarColor Black 
+  BackgroundColor White
+  BorderColor Black
+}
+
+
+(*) --> "Using MAUT create partial configuration based on preferences"
+--> validate and repair configuration
+--> "save in db"
+
+if "has better configruation in db" then
+    -->"use best in db"
+     --> (*)
+else
+    --> "use generated"
+     --> (*)
+endif
+   
+@enduml

Additional_Notes/uml/class_diagram.plantuml

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+@startuml
+
+skinparam class {
+	BackgroundColor White
+	ArrowColor Grey
+	BorderColor Black
+}
+skinparam shadowing false
+
+package API {
+    class ConfigurationAPI {
+        + get() : JSON
+        + post(configuration : JSON) : JSON
+    }
+    class RecommenderAPI {
+        + post(preferences : JSON, configuration : JSON) : JSON
+    }
+    class ProductStructureAPI {
+        + put(productStructure : JSON) : JSON
+        + get() : JSON
+    }
+}
+"/config/" ()-- ConfigurationAPI
+"/recommender/" ()-- RecommenderAPI
+"/product_structure/" ()-- ProductStructureAPI
+
+package Manager {
+    class RecommendationManager {
+        + getRecommentdation(strategy : String, preferences : Preferences, current_configuration : Configuration) : Configuration
+    }
+}
+
+package Model{
+    package ConfigurationModel {
+        class Configuration {
+            configuration : List<String>
+        }
+        class ConfigurationVariable {
+
+        }
+        Configuration *-- ConfigurationVariable : variables
+    }
+    package PreferenceModel {
+        class Preferences {
+            + getAllUserPreferences() : List<UserPreferences>
+            + getAllRatingsByCode(code : String) : List<Ratings>
+            + getRatingValue(code : String, user : String) : float
+        }
+        class UserPreference {
+            user : String
+            + getAllRatings() : List<Rating>
+        }
+        class Rating {
+            code : String
+            value : float
+        }
+        Preferences *-- UserPreference : preferences
+        UserPreference *-- Rating : ratings
+    }
+
+    package ProductStructure {
+        class ProductStructureModel {
+            + get_list_of_features(self) : List<ProductStructureElementModel>
+            + get_list_of_characteristics(self) : List<ProductStructureElementModel>
+            + isCharacteristic(code:String) : bool
+        }
+        class ProductStructureElementModel {
+            elementId : String
+            name : String
+        }
+        enum ProductStructureTypeEnum {
+            CHARACTERISTIC
+            FEATURE
+            CLUSTER
+            VARIABLE
+        }
+
+        ProductStructureModel *-- ProductStructureElementModel
+        ProductStructureElementModel <-- ProductStructureElementModel:children
+        ProductStructureElementModel --> ProductStructureTypeEnum:type
+    }
+}
+
+package DAO {
+    class ConfigurationDAO {
+        - {static} instance : ConfigurationDAO
+        + {static} getInstance() : ConfigurationDAO
+        + getAll_as_objects() : List<Configuration>
+        + getAll() : JSON
+        + add(config : JSON)
+        + exists(config : JSON) : bool
+    }
+    class ProductStructureDAO {
+        - {static} instance : ProductStructureDAO
+        + {static} getInstance() : ProductStructureDAO
+        + get_as_objects() : ProductStructureModel
+        + get() : JSON
+        + replace(structure : JSON)
+        - get_highest_id() : Integer
+    }
+}
+
+package Scoring {  
+    
+    
+
+    package List {
+        class ListFunction
+        class ListToListFunction
+        class ListToValueFunction
+        class Average
+        class Product
+        class ForEachValue
+    }
+
+    package Value {
+        class ValueToValueFunction
+        class Threshold
+    }
+
+    package RatingConverter {
+        class PreferenceToListFunction
+        class FlatToListConverter
+        class PerUserToListConverter
+        class PerFeatureToListConverter
+    }
+    class ScoringFunction {
+        + calc_score(currentConfiguration : Configuration, preferences : Preferences, toRate : ConfigurationModel) : float
+    }
+    class ScoringFunctionFactory{
+        + build_scoring_function(params : List<String>) : ScoringFunction
+    }
+    ScoringFunctionFactory --> ScoringFunction : builds
+
+
+    PreferenceScoringFunction --> "1" PreferenceToListFunction : preferenceToListFunction
+    PreferenceScoringFunction --> "0..*" ListToListFunction : listToListFunctions
+    PreferenceScoringFunction --> "1" ListToValueFunction : listToValueFunction
+    PreferenceScoringFunction --> "0..*" ValueToValueFunction : valueToValues
+
+    ScoringFunction <|-- PreferenceScoringFunction
+    class PreferenceScoringFunction{
+        + calc_score(currentConfiguration : Configuration, preferences : Preferences, toRate : ConfigurationModel) : float
+    }
+    ScoringFunction <|-- ConfigurationPenealty
+    abstract class ConfigurationPenealty{
+        + ConfigurationPenealty(product_Structure : ProductStructure)
+    }
+    ConfigurationPenealty <|-- RatioConfigurationPenalty
+    class RatioConfigurationPenalty {
+        + calc_score(currentConfiguration : Configuration, preferences : Preferences, toRate : ConfigurationModel) : float
+    }
+    ConfigurationPenealty <|-- PreferenceWeightedConfigurationPenalty
+    ListToValueFunction --* "1" PreferenceWeightedConfigurationPenalty
+    class PreferenceWeightedConfigurationPenalty {
+        
+    }
+
+    ScoringFunction <|-- ReduceScoringFunction
+    ReduceScoringFunction *-- "2..*" ScoringFunction
+    class ReduceScoringFunction{
+        reduce_operator : Operator
+        + ReduceScoringFunction(scoringFunctions : List<ScoringFunction>, reduceOperator : Operator)
+        + calc_score(currentConfiguration : Configuration, preferences : Preferences, toRate : ConfigurationModel) : float
+    }
+
+    interface PreferenceToListFunction {
+        + convertToList(preferences : Preferences, toRate : Configuration) : List<float>:
+    }
+
+    PreferenceToListFunction <|-- PerFeatureToListConverter
+    PerFeatureToListConverter --> ListToValueFunction :uses
+    class PerFeatureToListConverter {
+        + PerFeatureToListConverter(listToValueFunction : ListToValueFunction)
+        + convertToList(preferences : Preferences, toRate : Configuration) : List<float>:
+    }
+    PreferenceToListFunction <|-- PerUserToListConverter
+    PerUserToListConverter --> ListToValueFunction :uses
+    class PerUserToListConverter {
+        + PerUserToListConverter(listToValueFunction : ListToValueFunction)
+        + convertToList(preferences : Preferences, toRate : Configuration) : List<float>:
+    }
+    PreferenceToListFunction <|-- FlatToListConverter
+    class FlatToListConverter {
+        + convertToList(preferences : Preferences, toRate : Configuration) : List<float>:
+    }
+ 
+    interface ListFunction {
+
+    }
+
+    ListFunction <|-- ListToListFunction
+    abstract class ListToListFunction {
+            + {abstract} applyToList(list : List[float]) : List[float]
+    }
+
+    ListToListFunction <|-- ForEachValue
+    ForEachValue --> ValueToValueFunction:uses
+    class ForEachValue  {
+            + FoEachValue(valueFunction : ValueToValueFunction)
+            + applyToList(list : List[float]) : List[float]
+    }
+
+
+    ListFunction <|-- ListToValueFunction
+    abstract class ListToValueFunction {
+        + {abstract} convertToFloat(list : List<float>) : float
+    }
+
+    ListToValueFunction <|-- Average
+    class Average {
+        + convertToFloat(list : List<float>) : float
+    }
+    ListToValueFunction <|-- Product
+    class Product {
+        + convertToFloat(list : List<float>) : float
+    }
+
+    interface ValueToValueFunction{
+        + applyToValue(value : float) : float
+    }
+
+    ValueToValueFunction <|-- Threshold
+    class Threshold {
+        - threshold : float
+        + Threshold(threshold : float)
+        + applyToValue(value : float) : float
+    }
+}
+
+RecommendationManager *-- ScoringFunction
+
+ConfigurationAPI --> ConfigurationDAO
+ProductStructureAPI --> ProductStructureDAO
+RecommenderAPI --> RecommendationManager
+
+RecommendationManager --> ProductStructureDAO
+RecommendationManager --> ConfigurationDAO
+RecommendationManager --> ScoringFunctionFactory :uses
+
+
+ConfigurationDAO --> Configuration
+ProductStructureDAO --> ProductStructureModel
+
+Scoring --> Model
+
+
+@enduml

Additional_Notes/uml/sequence_diagram_preference.plantuml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+@startuml
+skinparam monochrome true
+skinparam SequenceBoxBackgroundColor #ffffff
+skinparam ParticipantPadding 5
+skinparam shadowing false
+hide footbox
+
+title Preferences
+
+
+
+activate M.Customer
+
+
+M.Customer -> M.Collab: like/dislike
+note left
+{
+     "type": "like"|"dislike",
+     "data": //String//
+}
+end note
+activate M.Collab
+
+M.Collab -> M.Collab : update preferences
+
+M.Customer <- M.Collab: updated preference state
+deactivate M.Collab
+note right
+{
+     "type": "preferenceUpdate",
+     "data":  { 
+         "likes": //Array<String>//,
+         "dislikes": //Array<String>//
+     }
+}
+end note
+
+@enduml